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The Growth and Yield of Rice as Influenced by Cow -dung and Water-hyacinth Compost

G. H. Rashid
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Iftekhar U. Ahmed
Soil Resource Development Institute(SRDI), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment using Gangetic alluvial soil was conducted in the net-house of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka to evaluate the effect of cow-dung (CD) and water hyacinth compost (WHC) applied @ 20, 40 and 60 tons/ha, on the vegetative growth and yield of rice. The incorporation of CD significantly increased the growth and yield of rice with the exception of the length of shoots; whereas, the addition of WHC showed mixed effect. In all cases, higher values were obtained in the compost treated soil in comparison to the control with the exception of the length of shoots. However, the increase was not significant in all the treatments when put to LSD test. The significant increase in grain yields in all the cases manifests the beneficial effects of the organic materials used. Roots were severely damaged by the nematod in all WHC treated soils which was, however, controlled by the addition of furadan, a nematocide.

Keywords: Growth and yield, Rice, Cow-dung, Water-hyacinth, Compost

Location: Aricha, Manikganj

Start Date: 01-01-2001

End Date: 30-06-2004

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Manures

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of WHC on the biomass production and yield of rice. Well-decomposed cow-dung (CD) was also used to make a comparative study between the two sources of organic matter.

Methodology:

The experimental soil was collected from Aricha of Manikganj District from a depth of 0-15 cm, dried in the air and ground to pass through a 2 mm sieve. It contained 13.53% Sand, 45.01% Silt, and 41.46% Clay. Its pH , CEC (me/100g), total N% and organic C% contents and C/N ratio were 6.7, 17.5, 0.098, 0.52 and 5.3, respectively. Cow-dung (CD) was collected from a dairy farm at Mirpur and kept for decomposition in a pit under shed for nearly one year prior to sampling. The water-hyacinth plants were collected from a ditch near Tejgaon, cut into small pieces and put in gunny bags. The bags were then put in a heap and allowed to decompose over a period of 3 months. The cow-dung and water hyacinth compost were dried in the air and finely ground. The total N and organic C contents of CD were 2.27% and 18.42% and that of water hyacinth compost (WHC) were 1.47% of 12%, respectively. Composite air-dried soil (8 .9 kg) was placed in each earthen pot. The experiment was laid out with 4 treatments viz- control (T₀), 20 (T₁ ), 40 (T₂ ) and 60 (T₃) tons of organic matter (CD and WHC) per hectare of soil. There were 5 replications for each treatment. Soil and organic matter were thoroughly mixed on a plastic sheet prior to putting in the pots. The mixture was then brought nearly to field capacity by adding tap water and allowed to undergo physico-chemical and biological readjustments for a period of 15 days. Water was frequently added to compensate the loss of moisture content through evaporation. One single 20 days old seedling (BR3, transplanted Aman variety) per pot was transplanted. Water level was maintained at 2 inches above the soil surface all through. The plants were picked up carefully with entire root system (as much as possible) 14 weeks after transplantation when the grains were fully ripened. Each plant was washed thoroughly, air dried and then the length of the shoots and roots were recorded. The plants and grains were dried at 70°C in an oven. The weight of the shoots, root s and grains were recorded separately.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Vol-31(1&2), P. 35-39, June-December 2005, ISSN-0253-5440.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the present study showed that the dry weight of roots was more than the double over that of control when CD was applied at the rate of 20 tons per hectare. The dry weight increased with increasing doses of CD and the increase was highly significant when the dung was applied at 40 and 60 tons per hectare. The performance of Transplanted Aman rice as influenced by three treatments of water-hyacinth compost. Dry weight of roots was increased more than 3 times over the control by the addition of WHC @ 20 tons/ha; but subsequent increase in other treatments did not follow the similar trend. Root lengths were 9.3 cm and 9.0 cm higher than control for T₁ and T₂ treatments, respectively. But the growth of the roots was more than double over the control in the case of T₃ however, it was statistically not significant. The increase in dry weight of shoot was highly significant (I% level) for all three WHC treatments compared to control and the highest value was 5.7 g for T ₁ treatment. On the other hand, the finding was completely different for shoot length and there was no significant difference between control and the WHC treatments. The grain weight increased significantly in all three treatments and it was highly significant for T₂ treatment. It may be further pointed out that the organic materials used in this experiment caused an increase in the dry weight of shoots and a decrease in its length compared to the control irrespective of treatments. This might indicate that the addition of both dung and compost made the plants stronger and hence less vulnerable to lodging.

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