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Effects of Arsenic-contaminated Irrigation Water on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Concentration in Rice

M. Hossain
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Jahiruddin
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A. Abedin
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

S. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A. A. Meharg
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,United Kingdom

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of different concentrations of arsenic (As) in irrigation water on Boro (dry-season) rice (Oryza sativa) and their residual effects on the following Aman (wet-season) rice. There were six treatments, with 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 µg As L^-1 applied as disodium hydrogen arsenate. All the growth and yield parameters of Boro rice responded positively at lower concentrations of up to 0.25 µg As L^-1 in irrigation water but decreased sharply at concentrations more than 0.5 µg As L^-1. Arsenic concentrations in grain and straw of Boro rice increased significantly with increasing concentration of As in irrigation water. The grain As concentration was in the range of 0.25 to 0.97 µg g^-1 and its concentration in rice straw varied from 2.4 to 9.6 µg g^-1 over the treatments. Residual As from previous Boro rice showed a very similar pattern in the following Aman rice, although As concentration in Aman rice grain and straw over the treatments was almost half of the As levels in Boro rice grain. Arsenic concentrations in both grain and straw of Boro and Aman rice were found to correlate with iron and be antagonistic with phosphorus.

Keywords: Arsenic, Grain arsenic, Grain yield, Irrigation, Rice, Straw arsenic

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm

Start Date: 00-01-2003

End Date: 00-12-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Arsenic

Objectives:

1. To determine the effects of As-contaminated irrigation water on growth, yield, and nutrient concentrations of Boro rice and their residual effects on the following Aman rice.

Methodology:

A study was undertaken during the Boro and Aman seasons of 2003 to evaluate the effect of As added through irrigation water on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of Boro rice and to determine the residual effects of the added As on the following Aman rice. The soil was collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm, which was not irrigated with elevated As water, at a depth of 0–15 cm. Texturally, the soil was silt loam having pH 6.5, organic matter 1.9%, total nitrogen (N) 0.12%, available phosphorus (P) 10.2 µg g^-1, available sulfur (S) 10.3 µg g^-1, available zinc (Zn) 0.83 µg g^-1, available boron (B) 0.21 µg g^-1, available manganese (Mn) 11.03 µg g^-1, available iron (Fe) 54.2 µg g^-1, exchangeable potassium (K) 0.1 me%, exchangeable calcium (Ca) 5.37 me%, exchangeable magnesium (Mg) 2.60 me%, exchangeable sodium (Na) 9.87 me%, and total As 2.1 mg g^-1. Ten kg air-dry soil was taken into a pot 43 cm in diameter and 40 cm high. There were six treatments: 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg L21 As, applied as disodium hydrogen arsenate in distilled water. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates per treatment. A total of 56 L of irrigation solution was added to each pot until the crop ripened. The variety for Boro rice was BRRI dhan 29 and for Aman rice was BRRI dhan 33. For both Boro and Aman rice, every pot received an equal amount of N, P, K, and S at the rate of 100 µg g^-1 N from urea, 25 µg g^-1 P from potassium biphosphate, 40 µg g^-1 K from muriate of potash (MOP), and 25 µg g^-1 S from gypsum. After harvest of Effect of Arsenic on Rice 303 Boro rice, all the pots were brought under Aman rice cultivation in the following season. Aman rice was irrigated with natural rainfall. Data on yield were recorded for both rice crops. Rice grain and straw samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Total As in the digest and water samples was determined followed by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometer (HG-AAS) with UNICAM model 969 and MHS-10 hydride generator assembly using matrix-matching standard. NIST SRM 1568, a rice flour, was used as certified reference material (CRM), and the recovery was 86 ± 6% (n = 6). The presented data have not been corrected for these recoveries. All the plant data were statistically analyzed using the F test and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39: 302–313, 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Arsenic concentrations in grain and straw of Boro rice increased significantly with increasing concentration of As in irrigation water. The grain As concentration was in the range of 0.25 to 0.97 µg g^-1 and its concentration in rice straw varied from 2.4 to 9.6 µg g^-1 over the treatments. Residual As from previous Boro rice showed a very similar pattern in the following Aman rice, although As concentration in Aman rice grain and straw over the treatments was almost half of the As levels in Boro rice grain. Arsenic concentrations in both grain and straw of Boro and Aman rice were found to correlate with iron and be antagonistic with phosphorus.

Knowledge Management: Journal