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Bacteriological and Physicochemical Water Quality of Four Ponds of Dhaka Metropolis

MIHIR LAL SAHA
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

MEHERUN NESSA
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

MAHBUBAR RAHMAN KHAN
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

MOHAMMAD NURUL ISLAM
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

SIRAJUL HOQUE
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of four pond water samples ranged between 6.92×104 and 1.72×106cfu/100 ml. The highest count (1.72×106 cfu/100 ml) was recorded in Zahurul Haq Hall pond water. Enteric bacterial count was found in between 1.69×104 and 3.31×105 cfu/100ml in water samples. A total of 79 isolates were obtained of which 24 were randomly selected for further study. Among them Bacillus, Micrococcus and Planococcus were Gram-positive, while Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella were Gram-negative. Physicochemical parameters of the ponds satisfied water quality standards except NH4 +-N. Among the ponds, CODCr and BOD5 values of the water samples were 18.29-19.75 mg/l and 3.18-6.05 mg/l, respectively. Most of the Gram negative bacteria were found to be multi drug resistant.

Keywords: Bacteria, Pond water, Fecal pollution, Multi drug resistance

Location: Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination

Objectives:

To assess bacteriological and physicochemical profile of the selected ponds of Dhaka Metropolis as well as drug resistance pattern of the bacteria associated with the pond water.

Methodology:

Water samples were collected from four selected ponds, namely Azimpur Colony, Jagannath Hall, Shahidullah Hall and Zahurul Haq Hall of Dhaka Metropolis (23º43'N and 90º25'E) in the month of October, 2009. Samples were collected in plastic bottles sterilized with alcohol from a depth of 30 cm below the surface from four different sites of each pond. Nutrient agar medium was used for the enumeration and isolation of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. MacConkey agar was used for the enteric and related bacteria. The pH of the culture media was adjusted to 7.2 before sterilization. Three different techniques, namely serial dilution plate (APHA 1998), spread plate (Sharp and Lyles 1969) and membrane filtration technique (Atlas et al. 1995) were used for the enumeration and isolation of bacteria. Plating in duplicate plates was made for each diluted sample. Inoculated plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Bacterial colony forming unit (cfu) was recorded by a digital colony counter (OSK 10086, DC-3, Japan). For provisional identification of the isolates, important biochemical tests such as carbohydrate fermentation, catalase, oxidase, deep glucose agar, V.P., M.R., indole, citrate utilization, egg-yolk lecithinase, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, protease, gelatin hydrolysis, KIA, nitrate reduction, citrate utilization, oxidase, urease, etc. were carried out. Bergey’s Manual for Systematic Bacteriology (Sneath et al. 1986) was followed for the identification of Grampositive bacterial isolates. The enteric bacteria were identified following Manual for Laboratory Investigations of Acute Enteric Infections (WHO 1987) and Bergey’s Manual for Systematic Bacteriology (Krieg and Holt 1984). Temperature of water was measured at the time of sampling with the help of a mercury thermometer. The pH of collected water samples was measured with electric pH meter. For chemical analysis, samples were filtered (Whatman No. 42, England) to eliminate suspended solid particles. Nitrite-nitrogen was determined by modified Griess-Ilosvay method (Barnes and Folkard 1951, Bremner 1965) while nitrate-nitrogen was determined colorimetrically (Joergensen and Brookes 1990). To determine ammonium nitrogen, water samples were distilled under alkaline condition in a micro Kjeldahl distillation apparatus (Jackson 1973). Phosphorus content was determined by ascorbic acid blue method (Murphy and Riley 1962). Biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) was determined by BOD meter (Mettler-Todelo CH-8603 Schwerzenbanch, USA) while chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) was analysed by the method based on chemical oxidation of materials in the presence of catalyst by Cr2O₇ ^2- in 50% H₂SO₄ as described.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 55-60, 2012 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The maximum aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count (1.72 × 106 cfu/100 ml) was observed in Zahurul Haq Hall pond water samples and the minimum number (6.92 × 104 cfu/100 ml) was in Shahidullah Hall. The total bacterial loads of the four different ponds were as 1.40 × 106, 1.96 × 105, 1.84 × 106 and 8.61 × 104 cfu/100 ml, respectively. The result suggested that immediate precautions should be taken by the government to stop the selling of antibiotics without prescription, increase the public health concern and ensure the proper use of antibiotics by doctors and patient, respectively. A good number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were found in the pond water samples. Presence of enteric bacteria might indicate fecal pollution. Ingestion of these enteric bacteria during bathing and swimming in the ponds might cause intestinal diseases and somehow or rather entrance of waterborne pathogens in food chain around this area. Isolated bacteria were found to be multi drug resistant which is very much alarming.

Knowledge Management: Journal