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Influence of Sewage Sludge and Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth, Nutrient Content and Heavy Metal Uptake by Rice Straw

M.K. Kabir
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S.M. Ullah
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. Jahan
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. Bashir Ullah
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A.T.M.M. Kamal
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilization on the growth, yield, nutrient and heavy metal uptake into rice straw (Oriza setiva L cv. BRRI dhan-36). There were five 5 treatments (T₀, T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄) consisting of 5 levels of sewage sludge (0, 60, 120, 200 and 300 t/ha) and 5 levels of nitrogen (280, 49, 35, 28 and 21 kg/ha). In the experiment the highest height of the rice plant (97.33 cm per plant) and number (55.00) of tillers per four plants were recorded with the treatment, 300 t/ha sewage sludge plus 21 kg/ha nitrogen. The length of spikelet was significantly high in all treatments compared to the treatment, 300 t/ha sewage sludge plus 21 kg/ha nitrogen. On the other hand, both the fresh and dry weight of rice straw was significantly high in the aforesaid treatment compared to the other treatments. The contents of N, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in rice straw increased significantly with increasing sewage sludge levels and were observed high at the treatment, 300 t/ha sewage sludge plus 21 kg/ha nitrogen, but the amount of P and Mn uptake decreased significantly with increasing sewage sludge levels showing an antagonistic effect. Cr, Cd and Ni contents were below detectable level.

Keywords: Sewage sludge, Fertilization, Rice straw, Nutrient, Heavy metal

Location: Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The objective of the experiment is to enumerate the combined effect of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilization on growth, nutrient uptake and heavy metal contents in rice straw.

Methodology:

The soil collected for the experiment was silty clay in texture and belongs to Naraibag classified as Noncalcarious Dark-Grey Flood Plain soil in Bangladesh. Dry sewage sludge was collected from Dhaka WASA sewage treatment plant, Pagla, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The soil sample and sewage sludge sample were air-dried, ground and sieved through a 2 mm sieve for physical analyses as well as to grow rice. However, for chemical and physico-chemical analyses the soil sample and sewage sludge sample (air-dried and ground) were sieved through a 1 mm sieve and kept in plastic container. Six kg of air-dried soil was mixed with sewage sludge according to the treatments and put in a pot. Basal doses of phosphorus and potassium were applied in the form of TSP and MP at 200 kg P₂O₅/ha and 200 kg K₂O/ha, respectively, during the final pot preparation on the day of transplanting. After 5 days of transplantation of rice seedling half dose of N was applied in the treatment T₀ and full dose of N to the treatment T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄. One fourth dose of N was applied to T₀ after 55 days of transplantation and the rest of one fourth was applied after 100 days of transplantation. Eight uniform sized rice seedlings (40 days old) were transplanted (2 seedlings/hill) in each pot, but after 15 days only the best four were allowed to grow. During the growing period, pots were irrigated properly with normal tap water and intercultural operations were done, whenever necessary. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment.The height of rice plant (cm/plant) and number of tiller per four plants were recorded at 30, 60, 90 and 130 days after transplantation (DAT). Rice plants were harvested at full maturity after 130 days of transplantation.

The length of spikelet (cm/plant) was recorded after harvest. The straw was separated from grain and dried in the sun. The fresh (after dried in the sun) and dry weight (after oven-dried at 70^OC for 3 days) of straw were recorded on per pot basis. Total nitrogen content of rice straw was determined by Micro-Kjeldhal's method following H₂SO₄ digestion and stream distillation with 40% NaOH (Jackson, 1973). The total contents of P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni in rice straw were determined after wet digestion of straw samples in HNO₃-HClO₄ acid (5:1) mixture.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 571-580, 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The paramount yield response of rice straw was acquired with the treatment T₄ SS₃₀₀N₂₁), where 300 tons of sewage sludge per hectare plus 21 kg of nitrogen per hectare were added. The macronutrient contents of N, K, Na, Ca and Mg as well as the other metal contents of Fe, Cu, Zn and Pd were heighest in this treatment (T₄). Thus, sewage sludge fertilization might be a valuable source of essential macro- and micro nutrient elements, if the heavy metals content could be minimum. Recycling of plant nutrients from sewage sludge can contribute to the saving of natural resources only if the demands of soil and environmental protection are fully satisfied.

Knowledge Management: Journal