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Effectiveness of Neem, Garlic and Red Chili Against Adult Dermestid Beetle in Sun Dried Fish

A. K. M. Nowsad
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

R. Mondal
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The suitability of neem (Azadirachta indica), garlic (Allium sativum) and red chili (Capsicum frutescens) in repelling insects in dried fish during processing and storage was determined. Their acetone extracts were used to evaluate toxic effects against adult dermestid beetle, Dermestes sp. The concentration of plant extracts were 60%, 80% and 100% for adult Dermestes sp. The LC₅₀ values of neem, garlic and red chili were 1.81%, 4.85% and 1.11%, respectively at 24 hours after treatment (HAT), indicating that red chili was the most toxic plant. Red chili possessed the highest toxic effect at 48 HAT (0.87%) and 72 HAT (0.03%). It was observed that all of the three plant extracts had repellent action on adult Dermestes sp. The highest mean repellency was observed in neem extract (62.67%) followed by red chili (38.44%) and garlic (31.11%). Repellent effects increased with the concentration of plant extracts.

Keywords: Botanical pesticides, Dermestid beetle, Toxic effects, Dried fish, Repellent effects

Location: Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU).

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Insects, Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To evaluate toxic effects against adult dermestid beetle, Dermestes sp.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU). Selected plants were tested to determine their toxic and repellent effects on the beetles and mites of various dried fish purchased from the fish markets. The test insect species, Dermestes sp. (adult) was collected from dried fish markets of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The insects were maintained in the postgraduate laboratory of Faculty of Fisheries, BAU at 27-30°C. The insects were reared with dried fish in plastic jars. Neem leaves were collected from the BAU, Mymensingh. Red pepper and garlic were purchased from K. R. Market, BAU, Mymensingh. After bringing them to the laboratory, they were washed in running water. The plant materials were first kept in shade for air drying and then they were dried in a hot air electric oven at 60°C to gain constant weight. Stock solutions of plant extracts were prepared separately by diluting the condensed extracts with acetone. Different concentrations like 60%, 80% and 100% of each category of plant extract were prepared by dissolving the stock solutions in acetone prior to insect bioassay. Sun dried fish were kept in an oven at 45°C for 2-3 hours, packed in polythene bag and sealed to avoid future infestation. Insect bioassay was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries at 27 to 30°C to determine direct toxicity and repellency against adult Dermestes sp. The experimental data were analyzed by a completely randomized design (factorial CRD) using MSTAT statistical software. The mean values were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The LC₅₀ values were calculated by using probit analysis.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2) : 133 – 142, 2009, ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/PA/article/view/16865/11841

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The LC₅₀values of red chili, neem and garlic were 1.11%, 1.81% and 4.85%, respectively at 24 HAT, which indicated that red chili was the most toxic against adult demisted beetle. Red chili possessed the highest toxic effect at 48 HAT (0.87%) and 72 HAT (0.03%). All of the three plant extracts had repellent action on adult Dermestes sp. in dried fish. The highest mean repellency was observed in neem (62.67%) extract followed by red chili (38.44%) and garlic (31.11%). Repellent effects increased proportionally with the concentration of plant extracts. It was thus concluded that treated botanical materials had both repellent and toxic effects against demisted beetles.

Knowledge Management: Journal