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Fertilization for Increased Crop Production and Nutrient Balance in the Maize-legume-rice Cropping Pattern

M. H. Rahman
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. R. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Jahiruddin
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Y. Rafii
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

M. R. Ismail
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

M. A. Malek
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were conducted at the experimental fields during 2005 to 2007 to see the effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on the crop yields and nutrient balance in maize- legume-rice cropping pattern. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. For maize, there were five treatments i.e. T₁ Control, T₂ Moderate Yield Goal (MYG), T₃ High Yield Goal (HYG), T₄ Farmyard Manure (FYM) 5 t/ha + inorganic fertilizer for MYG as Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) basis, T₅ FYM 5 t/ha + inorganic fertilizer for HYG as IPNS basis. Integrated use of manure and inorganic fertilizers on IPNS basis produced comparable seed yield of maize with the chemical fertilizers alone irrespective of moderate or high yield goal basis in both locations. After harvest of maize, as legume crops, mungbean and dhaincha (Sesbania) seeds were sown as per treatments. After plucking pods, mungbean residues and dhaincha biomass were incorporated to the soil as manure before transplanting of rice. Nitrogen content of the mungbean stover and dhaincha was determined. For rice, each of the plots of T₂ and T₃ treatments were subdivided into six, so there were altogether 15 treatments. At both locations, incorporation of dhaincha biomass and mungbean residue along with inorganic fertilizers for HYG gave identical grain yields of rice with the fertilizers alone applied for HYG. It appeared that the balance for N and K was highly negative at both locations. The balance of P was also negative at second location while in case first location, the mungbean-treated plots showed positive balance, but in both locations, S showed positive balance. It may be concluded that addition of mungbean residues or dhaincha biomass to the fertilizer schedule may ensure higher crop productivity and sustenance of soil fertility.

Keywords: Fertilizer, IPNS, Manure, Crop yield, Soil fertility, Sustainable production

Location: BAU farm, Mymensingh and OFRD farm, Rangpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2005

End Date: 00-12-2007

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Rice, Mungbean, Maize, Fertilizer

Objectives:

1. For making the best use of organic manure including plant residues with inorganic fertilizers for balancing of nutrients and maintaining fertility status of soils.

Methodology:

Field experiments were conducted over three years during 2005 to 2007 at BAU farm, Mymensingh and OFRD farm, Rangpur, Bangladesh using farm yard manure (FYM), dhaincha (Sesbania) and mungbean residue along with inorganic fertilizers. Details treatment combinations for maize-legume-rice pattern. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Maize was sown in the first week of November and harvested in the first week of April. After harvest of maize, mungbean seeds were sown in second week of April and dhaincha (Sesbania) seeds were sown in third week of May in plots as per treatments. Pods of mungbean were plucked twice at fourth week of June to obtain seed yield. Aman rice was transplanted in the fourth week of July and harvested at fourth week of October. Mungbean residues and dhaincha (Sesbania) biomass were incorporated to the soil as manure before transplanting of aman rice. Nitrogen content of the mungbean stover and dhaincha (Sesbania) was determined. An apparent nutrient balance has been calculated from the average quantities of different nutrients removed annually by the crops in a sequence and the amount of nutrients added through fertilizers, organic manure and crop residues. In estimating the apparent nutrient balance, the NPKS uptake by mungbean stover in the cropping pattern has not been considered in mungbean residue incorporated plots because of its residue after picking of pods were added with the relevant treatments. Nitrogen added through mungbean residue, dhaincha biomass and farmyard manure was calculated considering 50%, and for urea N, 40% N as effective.

Source of Information: Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment Vol.11 (1): 6 5 3 - 6 5 6, 2 0 1 3

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Integrated use of manure and inorganic fertilizers on IPNS basis produced comparable seed yield of maize with the chemical fertilizers alone irrespective of moderate or high yield goal basis in both locations. After harvest of maize, as legume crops, mungbean and dhaincha (Sesbania) seeds were sown as per treatments. After plucking pods, mungbean residues and dhaincha biomass were incorporated to the soil as manure before transplanting of rice. Nitrogen content of the mungbean stover and dhaincha was determined. For rice, each of the plots of T₂ and T₃ treatments were subdivided into six, so there were altogether 15 treatments. At both locations, incorporation of dhaincha biomass and mungbean residue along with inorganic fertilizers for HYG gave identical grain yields of rice with the fertilizers alone applied for HYG. It appeared that the balance for N and K was highly negative at both locations. The balance of P was also negative at second location while in case first location, the mungbean-treated plots showed positive balance, but in both locations, S showed positive balance. It may be concluded that addition of mungbean residues or dhaincha biomass to the fertilizer schedule may ensure higher crop productivity and sustenance of soil fertility.

Knowledge Management: Journal