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Characterization and Utilization of Rice Husk Ash (rha) from Rice Mill of Bangladesh

K. N. Farooque
IGCRT, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

M. Zaman
IGCRT, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

E. Halim
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

S. Islam
IGCRT, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

M. Hossain
IGCRT, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

Y. A. Mollah
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

A. J. Mahmood
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The characterization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was carried out using conventional chemical analysis and instrumental techniques. Chemical analysis reveals that RHA contains mainly silica along with minor inorganic oxides. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the presence of quartz, crystobalite and anorthite, while micro structural features obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that RHA particles are highly porous and honeycombed structure. Thermal analysis indicates the presence of surface moisture. A wide range of particles (0.001-0.100 mm) are present in the sample with 59% below the size of 0.05 mm. However after characterization, utilization of RHA as a potential cost effective ingredient in developing a variety of construction materials (e.g. building brick, insulating brick and pozzolana cement) have been examined. The results obtained are very promising.

Keywords: Charcterization, Rice husk ash, XRD, SEM, Construction material.

Location: IGCRT, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The primary objective of the present study is to characterize the RHA collected from rice mill to evaluate its suitability as a building material such as pozzolana cement, composite cement, building brick, tiles and insulating brick. A number of methods that include chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, DTA/TGA, particle size analysis, SEM have been used in this study.

Methodology:

Materials: RHA was collected from rice milling area of Munshigonj and was finely ground in a pulverizer Chemical analysis of RHA Chemical characterization of RHA was carried out using classical methods as well as by instrumental techniques like PFP7 JENWAY (UK) flame photometer and UV-2201 SHIMADZU (Japan) UV spectrophotometer. Particle size distribution: Particle size was determined by sedimentation and sieve analysis using a density hydrometer and various sizes of sieve respectively. The method was based on Stroke's law (Bowles, 1992). XRD analysis: The phase composition of the RHA was determined by the XRD analysis of the sample with Philips X-ray Diffiactometer model operating with a CuKα radiation source (Kα=1.5406 AO). The samples were ground to a fine powder and loaded on a silicon low background sample holder over baseline adhesive. The XRD scans were recorded from 10 - 80^O 2θ with 0.20^O step-width and 5.1 s counting time for every step. Phase analysis was performed by comparing the d values and intensity ratios of the main fundamental peaks with data available in the data book published by the Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards (1974). SEM analyses: Morphological examination of the RHA was carried out on a 2600SN Hitachi (Japan) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Germanium detector and Diamond window. The samples were mounted using double-sided tape. DTA/TGA analysis: DTA/TGA Labsys TM from SETARAM was used to evaluate the thermal behaviors of the sample. The heating rate for DTA/TGA analysis was 10OC/min. The temperature difference between an inert (Alumina) and the sample was recorded and mass loss was calculated from the TG curve. Preparation of building brick and its characterization: Building brick was made from RHA - Soil mixtures (RHA: Soil = 70 : 30, 80 : 20 and 90 :10) which was ball milled. The optimum water for making the batch composition in workable condition increases as the quantity of rice husk ash was increased. 2 ' ' cube specimens were prepared by applying a pressure of 60 kg/cm2. Specimens were released from the mold, dried at 110^OC and fired at 1100^OC. Water absorption, bulk density (ASTM C 830-00 method) and cold crushing strength (CCS, ASTM C 109 method) were determined. Linear shrinkage was also determined by preparing rectangular bar (10 x I.5 x 0.6 cm³) from control (100% soil) and RHA - soil mixtures (100 : 0, 90 : 10, 80 : 20 and 70 : 30). The test sample was mixed with optimum water just to moisten it and placed in a mold and pressed by applying a pressure of 10 ton on the surface and a straight line was drawn on the surface of the test specimen. The sample was dried at 110^OC followed by firing at 1000^O C in an electric muffle furnace. The difference in the linear change indicates the linear shrinkage. Insulating brick was prepared by taking RHA (coarse) to soil in the ratio of 70:30 and either CaO (5%) or sodium silicate (5%). The RHA and soil were mixed properly but not ball milled as coarser grain being required for thermal insulation. Except applying 3t pressure, preparation of test specimen follows the same procedure that was used for making building brick. The bulk density (%), % apparent porosity and CCS of the products were determined. Pozzolanic cement was produced from RHA and lime at different ratios and ball milled for 3 h. The cement was then kept in airtight container. CCS measurements were carried out at a definite interval following ASTM C 109 method. The physico-chemical properties of the soil used were also evaluated (Farooque et al., 2005)

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 157-162, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of characterization of RHA confirm that silica is the major oxide present in RHA and the two most important phases are quartz and crystobalite. About 59% of RHA particles are below 0.05% mm size which implies that RHA particles need further grinding to make it suitable for pozzolanic cement. The particles are porous and irregular that makes it a suitable material for producing insulating brick. The thermogram and weight loss curve of RHA particles show the presence of surface moisture. The addition of 10% RHA produces brick, which conform to Bangladesh Standard Grade C, which can be used in wall construction. Using a simple technology it is possible to manufacture low cost thermal insulating brick from RHA for dryers, ovens, furnaces. Clay roofing tiles can also be produced from RHA.

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