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Evaluation of Transpiration Decline Components as a Drought Tolerance Measure in Goundnut

M.E.H.Sharker
MS Student
Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh -2200

M.A. Hamid
Director (Research
BINA, P.O. Box No.-4, Mymensingh -2200

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of a laboratory technique to identify mutant groundnut genotypes for discrimination for drought tolerance. The technique consisted of detaching upper most unfolded groundnut leaves from the plant just before sunset and hydrate them overnight. The following day , the leaves were placed under a specially arranged light bank in the laboratory and weighed in every two minutes while they dried. From the data, transpiration decline curves were plotted for each genotype. The curve exhibited stomatal and cuticular phases of transpiration rates and the point where the two linear phases intersected termed as the "stomatal closure point", and at that point both time and relative water content (RWC) estimated. Ten mutant groundnut genotypes were assessed with this transpiration decline curve components: stomatal and cuticular transpiration rates and time and RWC at stomatal closure . The mutant groundnut genotypes were assessed with this transpiration decline curve components: stomatal and cuticular transpiration rates and time and RWC at stomatal closure. The mutant genotypes showed highly significant differences (P,<0.01) for all the components except RWC which also showed just (P,<0.05) significant difference, and confirmed the suitability of this technique for varietal discrimination for drought tolerance across those four components. The interesting features the discriminated tolerant varieties for different pertinent drought environments.

Keywords: Transpiration decline, Drought, Stomatal closure, Groundnut

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-03-2001

End Date: 00-05-2001

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To assess the feasibility of using detached leaves for the estimation of transpiration decline components as a drought tolerance measure in groundnut.

Methodology:

This experiment was conducted in the glasshouse of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh from March 2001 to May 2001. A total of ten elite established mutants including a check cultivar used for the experiment were: BINAChinabadam-1 (V_l), BINAChinabadam-2 (V₂), BINAChinabadam-3 (V₃), M6/58-18 (V₄), D1111-60 (V₅), Dl/62-30 (V₆), M6116- 90 (V₇), M617-25 (V₈), M6/37-57 (V₉) and Dhaka-1 (V₁₀) . Plants were raised in black polythene bags (45 0 30 cm) each containing 10 kg growth media (Sandy loam soil with well decomposed cowdung) arranged in the glasshouse according to lbe design (RCBD). The growth media was mixed with the recommended doses of 0.20g urea, 0.78g TSP, 0.58g MP, 0.48g gypsum and 0.049g ZnS0₄ per pot (Fertilizer Recommended Guide- 1997, BARC). Irrigation and hand weeding were The uppermost unfolded and fully expanded leaves were excised just before IDlset and their petioles immediately immersed in vials containing water. These leaves were then placed in trays enclosed with polythene sheet to create 100% tdative humidity (RH) inside, and the leaves were allowed to hydrate overnight in dirk. In the following day, the tray still enclosed in polythene bag was exposed to 340 microeinsten m^-2 sec^-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for one hour from a specially arranged light bank in the laboratory. This arrangement allowed die stomata open. After this time period, the petiole was removed and the leaf blade hung under the same light bank and leaves of all the mutants/varieties immediately was weighed at intervals of less than two minutes for first 15 measures lid at five minutes intervals for the last 15 readings. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) of the working condition inside the laboratory were recorded with a and dry bulb thermometer, three times, during the weighing period in each day average temperature and RH were 28^oC and 73%, respectively . After completing each days weighing the leaves were oven dried at 80⁰C for 72 hours. assuming the initial weights as turgid and thereafter every weight as relative water content (RWC) was calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric. 18 : 75-82, 2002, ISSN 0258-7130

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The mutant genotypes showed highly significant differences (P,<0.01) for all the components except RWC which also showed just (P,<0.05) significant difference, and confirmed the suitability of this technique for varietal discrimination for drought tolerance across those four components. The interesting features the discriminated tolerant varieties for different pertinent drought environments.

Knowledge Management: Journal