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Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Parabaena Sagitatta Miers

TM QUADERY
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

F. ISLAM
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

M. AHSAN
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

CM HASAN
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A methanolextract of the leaves of Parabaena sagitatta Miers and its petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and aqueous soluble partitionates were evaluated for antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant assays by using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. The dichloromethane soluble fraction demonstrated the presence of significant amount of phenolic compounds 61.06 ± 0.54 mg GAE/g of extract and also has moderate antioxidant activity IC₅₀ 50.62 ± 0.25 μg/ml. A positive correlation (R²), 0.969 was observed between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity of P. sagitatta. The general toxicity was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay where the dichloromethane LC₅₀ 0.978 μg/ml and carbon tetrachloride LC₅₀ 1.45 μg/ml soluble partitionates demonstrated the presence of considerable bioactive principles.

Keywords: Parabaena sagitatta, Antioxidant, DPPH, Cytotoxicity

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Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

To see the effect antioxidant. A decoction of stems and leaves affords a treatment for jaundice, indigestion and painful intestinal disturbances. All parts of the plant may be used as a febrifuge and tonic. The leaf paste of P. sagitatta is boiled in coconut oil and is applied on incision.

Methodology:

The leaves of P. sagitatta were collected in mid 2010 from Dhaka University campus and a voucher specimen (DACB-35895) has been deposited in Bangladesh National Herbarium, Mirpur, Dhaka. Plant materials were chopped, dried and powdered and about 600 g of the powdered material was soaked in 2.5 litres of methanol at 30^oC for 7 days. The extract was filtered by using Whatman filter paper No. 1 and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. An aliquot of the concentrated methanol extract was partitioned by modified Kupchan method (Vanwagenen et al. 1993) and the resultant partitionates i.e. pet-ether (PSF), carbon tetrachloride (CSF), dichloromethane (DSF), ethyl acetate (EASF) and aqueous (ASF) soluble fractions were evaporated to dryness with a rotary evaporator. The residues were stored in a refrigerator until further studies. The total phenolic contents of the extractives were determined with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent by using the method developed by Harbertson and Spayd (2006). To 0.50 ml of each sample (three replicates), 2.5 ml of 1/10 dilution of Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and 2.0 ml of sodium carbonate (7.5%, w/v) in water were added and incubated for 15 min at 45°C. The absorbance of all samples was measured at 765 nm with a visible spectrophotometer. The phenolic contents were expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram (mg GAE/g) of dry weight of extract. For screening of general toxic properties, which also indicates a range of bioactivities (anticancer, antiviral and pesticidal properties) (Meyer et al. 1982). Test samples of different concentrations (0.781 to 400 μg/ml) were prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Ten brine shrimp nauplii were taken in vials containing 5 ml of simulated sea water. Then test samples were added to the pre-marked vials with micropipette and after 24 h, the number of the survivors were counted and the LC₅₀ was calculated from the regression equation, prepared from the logarithm of sample concentration versus percentage mortality of the shrimp nauplii

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 155-158, 2012 (December)

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Achievement/Findings:

In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the dichloromethane soluble fraction revealed maximum free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 50.62 μg/ml) when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (IC₅₀ = 27.5 μg/ml). This prominent free radical scavenging may be correlated to its high phenolic content (61.06 mg of GAE/g of sample) or due to synergistic activity of various chemical entities present in the extractive. A positive correlation was seen between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity of P. sagitatta having correlation coefficient (R²) values of 0.969. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the lowest LC₅₀ (0.978 μg/ml) value was obtained with the dichloromethane soluble fraction, whereas Vincristine sulphate exhibited an LC₅₀ value of 0.451 μg/ml. It is clearly evident from the above findings that the leaves of P. sagitatta have significant antioxidant potential and cytotoxic properties. Therefore, the plant is a good candidate for further systematic chemical and biological studies to isolate the active principles.

Knowledge Management: Journal