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Research Detail

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M. Nurul Huda Bhuiyan
IFST, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mamtaz Dawlatana
IFST, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Habibur Rahman Bhuiyan
BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh

Farhana Akter Lucky
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka.

Barun Kanti Saha
IFST, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan
BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh

Proximate biochemical analysis and screening of organochlorine insecticides (Heptachlor and DDT) of six dry fish samples namely Bombay duck (Loittya), Ribbon fish (Chhuri), Anchovy (Teilla phasa), Croaker (Poa), Chinese pomfret (Rupchanda) and Indian salmon (Lakhua) were analyzed to assess the quality of dry fishes of Bangladesh. The fish samples were concentrated source of protein (minimum 42.50% in Indian salmon to maximum 64.51% in Ribbon fish) and ash (mineral) (minimum 0.21% in Indian salmon to maximum 6.44% in Croaker fish). Organochlorine insecticides (DDT and Heptachlor) were found in all the samples of dry fish analyzed. The minimum concentration of Heptachlor and DDT were found in Ribbon fish (0.778 ppb) and in Chinese pomfret (7.849 ppb) respectively and the maximum concentration of Heptachlor and DDT were found in Chinese pomfret (54.753 ppb) and in Indian salmon 233.727 ppb respectively.

  Dry fish, Concentration, Organochlorine insecticides, DDT, Heptachlor, Proximate analysis.
  IFST, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  
  
  Postharvest and Agro-processing
  Fish

The objective of this study was to determine the quality of dry fish with the special emphasis on the screening of harmful and health hazard organochlorine insecticides like Heptachlor and DDT present in dry fish.

Sampling: Six most popular dry fish samples namely Bombay duck (Loittya), Ribbon fish (Chhuri), Anchovy (Teilla phasa), Croaker (Poa), Chinese pomfret (Rupchanda) and Indian salmon (Lakhua) were collected from Karwan Bazaar of Dhaka (a whole sale market), Bangladesh for proximate biochemical analysis and screening of harmful additives. The control samples (for screening of harmful additives) of six different fishes were collected from drying yards of Sonadia island (a fish processing zone of Bangladesh) that are known sample treated with no insecticides and taken in to account as blank. A. Proximate biochemical analysis:- Proximate biochemical analysis was done according to the standard methods (Bhuiyan, et. al., 2003). B. Screening of DDT and Heptachlor:- Apparatus: Mincer fish chopper (Weisser No. 81 K), Soxhlet extractor, separatory funnels (500 ml & 200 ml), Chromatographic tube (20 mm i.d. 50 cm long), sample concentrator (Techne dry block DB.3), round bottomed flask (500 ml & 100 ml), volumetric flask (50 ml & 10 ml), Gas Chromatograph (GC-14B, Shimadzu), syringe(10 μl, Hamilton Co.). Reagents: Acetone, Diethyl ether, Dimethyl Formamide saturated with petroleum ether, n-hexane, petroleum ether (30- 60OC), petroleum ether (30-60OC) saturated with Dimethyl Formamide, eluting mixture 1 (petroleum ether + diethyl ether 94:6 v/v), standard solutions , eosin solution (2 mg in 100 ml), sodium sulphate solution (2 g/100 ml Na2SO4 10 H2O), sodium sulphate anhydrous ( heated for at least 2 h at 550OC), Florisil 60-100 mesh (heated for at least 2 h at 550OC, cool & stored in tightly stoppered container, prior to use heated for at least 5 h at 130OC, cool & add 5% w/w water, shake this mixture for at least 20 min and stored in a container for at least 10 h), cotton wool. All the solvents used for the analysis purchased from MERCK, Germany. DDT & Heptachlor standards were obtained from Sigma Chemicals. Sample preparation: All the samples are finely comminuted in a mincer; heating of the samples during comminuting is avoided by briefly chopping several times (Peter and Zeumer, 1987). Extraction: Triturate a sample of 25 gm, with anhydrous Sodium Sulphate to dry, powdery mixture, with the aid of an extraction thimble; extract the mixture exhaustively with Petroleum Ether in Soxhlet apparatus. Concentrate just to dryness the extract solution by a concentrator and dilute to 25 ml with Petroleum Ether saturated with Dimethyl Formamide (Peter and Zeumer, 1987). Clean up: Clean up was done in two steps- (Peter and Zeumer, 1987).

Analytical quality control Gas chromatograph equipped with ECD was checked for linearity. Instrumental limit of detection for GC-ECD was 1.0 μg/l for organochlorine pesticides. An aliquot of dry fish samples which were collected as blank and treated exactly as a sample including exposure to all glassware, equipment, solvents and reagents used with the sample matrix. No analytic peak was detected in laboratory reagent blank. An aliquot of fortified samples matrix were prepared to which known quantities of the pesticides were added in the laboratory in ppb range. This laboratory fortified matrix was analyzed exactly like the sample. Extraction and clean up were done as mentioned and the recoveries from untreated control samples of dry fish fortified with the analyzed compounds.

  Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 311-318, 2009
  
Funding Source:
  

From the above study, it is seen that though dry fish is a very good source of protein and mineral, very alarming situation is that health hazard organochlorine insecticides like DDT and Heptachlor are present invariably in all dry fish samples and it also found that the dry fishes contained high moisture means the fishermen do not dry or store the dried fishes properly but they use health hazard substances to protect infestation. As a signatory of the Stockholm Convention, the Government of Bangladesh is required to take action to generate general awareness of consequences of DDT & Heptachlor through some program, public education campaigns and announcement of harmful rule of these insecticides and make difficult the availability of these insecticides in market either its true pack or false pack. Beside the government the stocker should dry correctly and should pack carefully so that the dry fish can not absorb moisture. The other way of preservation can follow such as freezing, canning and curing.

  Journal
  


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