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Floodwater Nitrogen, Rice Yield and N Use Efficiency as Influenced by Deep Placement of Nitrogenous Fertilizers

H. Afroz
Department of Soil ScienceBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Department of Soil ScienceBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Department of Soil ScienceBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the Aus season of 2012 to investigate the effects of deep placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on floodwater NH₄-N concentration, rice yield and N use efficiency under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) condition. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were eight treatment combinations viz. T₁ (Control), T₂[52 kg N from Urea super granule (USG)], T₃ (104 kg N from USG), T₄ [78 kg N from prilled urea (PU)], T₅ (120 kg N from PU), T₆(51 kg N from NPK briquette), T₇ (78 kg N from USG) and T₈ (78 kg N from NPK briquette). The results regarding the floodwater NH₄-N concentration revealed that, the highest value of (NH₄-N) was observed at the second day of PU application followed by gradual decrease with time. USG and NPK briquette treated plots showed negligible amounts of NH4-N in flood water during the sampling periods. The highest grain yield (5265 kg ha^-1) and straw yield (6434 kg ha^-1) was recorded from 104 kg N from USG (treatment T₃) and the lowest values were obtained from control. Apparent nitrogen recovery by rice plants was much higher when 78 kg N was applied as USG. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase in N rate either as PU, USG and NPK briquette and treatment T₇ (78 kg N as USG) showed the highest value. These results clearly indicate that the deep placement of N in the form of USG and NPK briquette minimizes the loss of N that results in higher N use efficiency and increased grain yield of rice as compared to broadcast application of N in the form of PU.

Keywords: Deep placement of N, Flood water Ammonium, Rice yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Location: Soil Science Field laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-02-2012

End Date: 00-06-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effect of deep placement of N fertilizers (USG and NPK briquette) on rice yield, N use efficiency and floodwater NH4-N in BRRI dhan27 cultivation.

Methodology:

The study was carried out at the Soil Science Field laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the Aus season of 2012. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the Sonatala series under the AEZ of Old Brahmaputra Floodplain. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.07, organic matter content 1.10%, total N 0.145%, available P 3.8 ppm, exchangeable K 0.12 me% and available S 14.56 ppm. There were eight treatments with three replications. The treatments were T₁ (Control), T₂ (52 kg N from USG), T₃ (104 kg N from USG), T₄ (78 kg N from PU), T₅ (120 kg N from PU), T₆ (51 kg N from NPK briquette), T₇ (78 kg N from USG), T₈ (78 kg N from NPK briquette). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design. BRRI dhan27 was used as the test crop. Thirty-day old seedlings of BRRI dhan27 were transplanted in the experimental plots maintaining a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm. Three seedlings were transplanted in each hill. Intercultural operations such as irrigation, weeding etc. were done as and when required. For maintaining AWD condition a PVC pipe was used and irrigations were applied when water level goes below 15 cm from the soil surface. The fertilizers were applied as per treatments. All the treatments except T₆ and T₇ received 16 kg P and 42 kg K ha^-1 from TSP and MoP, respectively. Prilled urea was applied in three equal splits. The first split was applied after 7 days of transplanting. The second and third splits of PU were applied after 30 and 45 days of transplanting. Before application of N fertilizers, the water in the rice plots was drained out. PU was applied to the fields and mixed with the soils. The USG and NPK briquettes were placed at 8-10 cm depth between four hills at alternate rows after 7 days of transplanting. Water samples were collected for three different times from BRRI dhan27 rice field. First sampling was done immediately after the application of USG, NPK briquettes and PU. The second and third samplings were done after each split application of PU. For every sampling, water samples were collected for seven consecutive days. The collected water samples were brought to the laboratory for determining NH4-N concentration. The concentration of NH4-N was determined by Phenol-hypochlorite method. The crop was harvested at full maturity and the grain and straw yields were recorded. The grain yield was expressed on 14% moisture basis and the straw yield on sun dry basis. The grain and straw samples were analyzed for N content following semi-micro Kjeldahl method. The N uptake by grain and straw was determined from N content and yield data. The N use efficiency (kg grain yield increase kg^-1 N applied) and apparent N recovery were determined by the following formulae: NUE = (Gy+N - GyON)/ FN, where Gy+N = grain yield in treatment with N application; GyON = grain yield in treatment without N application and FN = amount of fertilizer N applied (kg ha^-1) and ANR (kg ha^-1) = (UN+N - UN0N)/FN Where, UN+N is total N uptake (kg ha^-1) with grain and straw; UN0N is the N uptake (kg ha^-1) in control; FN is amount of fertilizer N applied (kg ha^-1). All the data were statistically analyzed by F-test and the mean differences were ranked by DMRT at 5% level

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 207-213, 2014; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results regarding the floodwater NH₄-N concentration revealed that, the highest value of (NH₄-N) was observed at the second day of PU application followed by gradual decrease with time. USG and NPK briquette treated plots showed negligible amounts of NH₄-N in flood water during the sampling periods. The highest grain yield (5265 kg ha^-1) and straw yield (6434 kg ha^-1) was recorded from 104 kg N from USG (treatment T₃) and the lowest values were obtained from control. Apparent nitrogen recovery by rice plants was much higher when 78 kg N was applied as USG. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase in N rate either as PU, USG and NPK briquette and treatment T₇ (78 kg N as USG) showed the highest value. These results clearly indicate that the deep placement of N in the form of USG and NPK briquette minimizes the loss of N that results in higher N use efficiency and increased grain yield of rice as compared to broadcast application of N in the form of PU.

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