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Microbiological Quality of Local Market Vended Freshly Squeezed Fruit Juices in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

M. Shakir Uddin Ahmed
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Tania Nasreen
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Badrunnessa Feroza
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Sahana Parveen
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Freshly squeezed or freshly prepared fruit juices sold by local market vendors in Dhaka city were analyzed for the microbiological quality. Total viable bacterial counts, fungal counts, total coliform, faecal coliform and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus were analyzed by standard methods. The total viable count of samples ranged from 3.00×102 to 9.60×108 and fungal counts ranged from 1.00×102 to 8.05×104. Out of 114 freshly prepared fruit juices samples collected 113 samples (99%) showed the presence of coliform and E. coli. The other bacteria like B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus were found in 64.91%, 6.14%, 7.89% and (5.26%) of the tested samples. The number and type of microorganisms recovered from the freshly squeezed fruit juices made them unsafe for drinking. It was concluded that due to unhygienic fruit handling in the unsanitary environmental conditions under which the vendors operate the juices become contaminated with harmful bacteria. The results of this study demonstrate the unhygienic quality of popular types of market vended freshly squeezed fruit juices and their risk to the consumers.

Keywords: Fruit juices, Microorganisms, Contamination, E. coli, Microbiological quality standards.

Location: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Dhanmondi, Dhaka.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Juice

Objectives:

The present work was undertaken to assess the microbiological quality of freshly squeezed juices and their safety for human consumption in terms of bacterial pathogens.

Methodology:

During the study five locations in the Dhaka city were chosen for collection of samples. These were New Market (1), Elephant road (2), Mirpur road (3), Green road (4), Shahbag (5). Samples of fresh fruit juices were collected from at least 3 shops in each zone where the sale was approximately 100 glasses each day. Six varieties of fruit juices namely Mango, Papaya, Watermelon, Pineapple, Apple and Bael were cho sen based on the consumer demands. All the samples (124) were collected in sterile containers kept in the ice box maintaining 4ºC during transportation to the laboratory and analyzed within 2 hours of collection. For Analysis 250 ml of the sample was collected using the vendors own utensils and placed into sterile glass bottle which were kept in ice box during transportation to the laboratory and analyzed within 2 hours of collection. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria were done by observing growth in selective media. For Total Viable Count (TVC) portion of juices were diluted as 1:10 using sterile phosphate buffer which were subsequently diluted with the same as needed and then enumerated for total viable count using nutrient agar. Since this is a one time study, 3-6 samples were collected from each location and surface plates were made in triplicates in appropriate selective media. Bacterial isolation was performed by pour plate method and fungal isolation was performed by spread plate method. Both bacterial and fungal enumerations were expressed as colony forming units (cfu) per ml. In all the cases counts were made up to 72 hours. Total coliforms were detected by MPN procedure according to standard method (APHA, 1985). Presence of faecal coliforms were determined using Brilliant Green Lactose Bile broth (44.50ºC for 48 hours), followed by confirmation of gas positive tubes using Eosin methylene Blue agar. Inoculated plates were incubated at requisite time-temperature combinations ( FAO, 1917 and FDA, 2001). Staphylococcus aureus was enumerated using Baird Parker Agar. Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained on Baird Parker agar were characterized for their production of coagulase, thermostable DNAse activity, catalase and hemolysine production and mannitol fermentation (FDA, 2001). For detecting the presence of Salmonella portions of juices were preenriched in Lactose Broth and then one loopful of sample was transferred to Selenite Broth and then positive samples were confirmed by streaking on Bismuth Sulfite Agar and then biochemically confirmed the presence of Salmonella. In all cases for confirmation of the pathogens typical colonies were identified on the basis of cultural, microscopic analysis and biochemical characteristics (Buchanan et al. 1974). All the media were obtained from Himedia Laboratories Limited, India.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 421-424, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The practice of consuming fresh fruit or vegetable juices cannot be stopped on nutritional grounds nor the street vendors prohibited from selling such items since such activities provide them with a source of livelihood, government agencies such as Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) and Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institution (BSTI) must adopt measures to educate the vendors about food safety and hygienic practices and enforce adequate guidelines for juices especially freshly prepared juices: such norms and conventions, currently do not exist in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal