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A Study to Establish a Protocol for Cultivation of Jatropha Curcas Linn

M. M. Rahman
IFRD, BCSIR, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

L. B. Banu
IFRD, BCSIR, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

M. N. Uddin
P & D, BCSIR, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

M. M. Begum
P & D, BCSIR, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Survival rate of stem cutting, vegetative and reproductive growth studies were performed with Jatropha curcas. Plant species were collected from different topographical regions of Bangladesh viz. Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore and Thakurgaon. No organic, inorganic fertilizer or plant hormone were used in this experiment. Results of the study revealed that best performance in respect of vegetative growth and reproductive growth was found in field condition. The study also showed that survival rate of stem cutting is highest in pot. The maximum survival rate (42.7%) for stem cutting was found during the month of March. Stem cutting collected from Chittagong showed best performance. The results suggested that genome collection and cultivation of Jatropha curcas performed best in summer season, specifically from March to early April, which is unusual to other plants in our country. It also suggested that to cultivate J. curcas in level land like Dhaka, steam cutting should be collected from hilly areas of Bangladesh like Chittagong district for more survival rate of plants.

Keywords: Jatropha curcas, Growing season, Fertilizer, Soil pH, Survival percentage.

Location: IFRD, BCSIR, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-03-2007

End Date: 00-08-2008

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Plant(s)

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the rooting percentage and survival rate of stem cuttings in field, pot and propagation room respectively and was cultivated both in dry and rainy season to show the survival performance of the plant species.

Methodology:

Jatropha curcas stem cuttings were collected from different regions of Bangladesh such as Chittagong, Jessore, Sylhet and Thakurgaon. The stem cuttings were cut into 8-12 inch long with a diameter of 20.50-13.00 mm. The field methodology involved three stages- (i) research field plantation at IFRD, BCSIR, Dhaka (ii) earthen pot plantation and (iii) study of root cuttings in the propagator. The collection period of stem cuttings used in all experiments were performed from April to June, 2007 and March, 2008. Preparation of research field and sowing of stem cuttings The investigation was made in the research field at IFRD, BCSIR, Dhaka. The time period was from March, 2007 to August, 2008. The soil of the experimental field was a clay loam with pH 6.58. Range of annual humidity and temperature were 53-92% and 14.5-35.0^OC, respectively. The line to line distance was 1.5 meters. Stem cuttings were sown in the soil at a depth of 4-6 cm and plant to plant spacing of plantation was 2 meters. Watering was done four times per week in November to February and two times per week in March and April and no watering was done in May to October. Weeding and other cultural practices were done as and when necessary. Cuttings were observed regularly to find its bud initiation, growth rate and survival rate. The observation showed first bud initiation after 15 days, flowering showed after 9 month and fruit formation after 11 month. The inflorescence was formed in leaf axial. Flowers are formed terminally where each inflorescence contains a bunch of approximately six or more ovoid fruits. The seeds become mature when the capsule changes from green to yellow, two to four months after flowering. After collection the fruits were transported in open bag until all the fruits have opened. When the seeds were dry they were separated from the fruits and cleaned. The seeds were dried to low moisture content and stored in air-tight containers. Preparation of earthen pots and sowing of stem cuttings: The investigation was made in the earthen pot at IFRD, BCSIR, Dhaka. The time period was from March, 2007 to August, 2008. Air-dried soil with pH 6.40 was used in the earthen pot. Stem cuttings were sown in the soil at a depth of 6 cm in each earthen pot. Watering and weeding was done similarly to the field experiment as mentioned earlier. Afterwards, the cuttings were inspected every day for its bud initiation, growth rate and survival rate. Preparation of propagation room and sowing of stem cuttings: The investigation was made in the propagator at IFRD, BCSIR, Dhaka. The time period was from March, 2007 to August, 2008. The soil of the experimental earthen pot was air dried sandy soil with pH 6.85. Range of annual humidity and temperature were 85-96% and 14.5-35.0 ^OC respectively. The size of the propagator is 6ft x 3ft x 4ft where eight (12cm,x 40cm) perforated plastic baskets were placed. All the baskets were prepared by filling with air dried sandy soil. Stem cuttings were sown in the sandy soil at a depth of 6-8 cm. Water sprayed every day. Afterwards cuttings were inspected every day for its bud initiation, growth rate and survival rate. The observation showed after 7 days 36 out of 73 cuttings showed bud initiation, then after 15 days of planting the number of cuttings showing bud reduced 36 to 20. In the 3rd week number was 10. Finally none of the cutting survived. All of the cuttings which showed bud initiation did not show root initiation. The negative result may be due to fungus infection. The propagation provides lot of moisture for better root and bud initiation. But in this case it was rather an adverse situation for Jatropha curcas as it can not tolerate high moisture or wet weather. No organic and inorganic fertilizer and hormone has been used for trails in the all experiment. The collected data were analyzed statistically and the mean, standard deviation and other calculations are evaluated considering 5% level of significance by a computer package programme called SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) of version 14, now frequently being used to analyze all sort of data and this version was developed by SPSS Inc. in 2006.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 457-460, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present study it can be concluded that best season for J. curcas plantation is summer i.e. March to April. Growth performance in respect of vegetative and reproductive cultivation in field condition performed better growth under field condition. Stem cutting collected from Chittagong showed best adaptability and survival rate at pot condition.

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