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Phenology, Floral Morphology and Seed Yield in Indigofera Tinctoria L. and I. Suffruticosa Mill.

SHARMIN JAHAN
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

AKM GOLAM SARWAR
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M SOLAIMAN ALI FAKIR
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Phenology, floral and pollen morphological features and seed yield were studied in Indigofera tinctoria L. and I. suffruticosa Mill. Indigofera tinctoria bloomed three times i.e., mid-July, mid-August and early October during the study period. But I. suffruticosa bloomed only once i.e., in early September. The number of flowers/raceme and pods/raceme were higher in I. suffruticosa than those in I. tinctoria. However, the number of seeds/pod, seed size, 1000-seed weight and seed yield were higher in I. tinctoria. Pollen with auriculae near the aperture in Indigofera is being reported here for the first time. Size and exine thickness of pollen grains were higher in I. tinctoria than in I. suffruticosa. The highest number of flowers/raceme and seeds/plant were produced at the second flush in I. tinctoria. Therefore, I. tinctoria plants may be harvested after the maturity of pods from second flush for higher seed yield.

Keywords: Indigo plant, Floral and pollen morphology, Auriculate-pollen, Seed yield

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-04-2011

End Date: 00-12-2011

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Pea

Objectives:

Tto study the variation on phenology, floral and pollen morphology, and seed yield between I. tinctoria L. and I. suffruticosa Mill. Besides, the effect of different flushing time on floral and pollen morphological features, and seed yield of I. tinctoria and suitable harvesting time for higher seed yield in I. tinctoria were also studied.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted from April to December, 2011. The (two factorial viz. species and time of flushing) experiment was laid out following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The seeds of I. tinctoria and I. suffruticosa, collected from the previous experiment were sown at 2 - 3 cm depth at continuous in the row. Distance between the two rows was 30 cm. Emergence of seedling commenced at 4 - 5 days after sowing (DAS). Seedlings were thinned to maintain 15 cm distance between two adjacent seedlings. Different intercultural operations were done as and when necessary (Howlader 2013). Final harvesting was done at 240 DAS after the maturation of pods (more than 80% of total number of pods attained characteristics brown colour). Morphological features (colour, size and shape) of different floral parts (corolla, androecium and gynoecium), pods and seeds were studied. Data on both qualitative and quantitative measurements were recorded from randomly selected at least five individual samples of two species. Volume of the pod was determined following Khan et al. (2008). Data were statistically analyzed by using the computer software program MSTAT-C and the difference between means was adjudged by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Unopened flowers (buds) from the two Indigofera species were collected for pollen morphological study in their respective flowering time. These flower buds were preserved with 50% ethanol solution. Pollen grains were collected from the anther of the buds by teasing with forceps and needle. Pollen grains were mounted in glycerine and examined and measured with a light microscope. The photomicrographs of pollen grains were taken by using an OLYMPUS BX41 microscope fitted with a digital camera. Polar length, equatorial diameter and exine thickness of pollen grains were measured following Perveen and Qaiser (1998) and Masih et al. (2005) and the P/E ratio was calculated. The terminology for pollen description was used following Erdtman (1952) and Punt et al. (2007).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 231-237, 2013 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among three flushing time of I. tinctoria, polar length and equatorial diameter of pollen were higher in mid-July (35.98 and 33.67 μm, respectively) than in early October (35.69 and 32.67 μm, respectively) and mid-August (33.36 and 30.97 μm, respectively). However, the P/E ratio of pollen decreases sequentially from early October (1.09) to mid-August (1.08) and mid- July (1.07). The exine thickness was also higher in mid-July (1.75 μm) than early October (1.74 μm) and mid-August (1.72 μm). These variations might be due to environmental and/or other factors like number of viable anther, size of anther, etc. which was also reported by Omolaja et al. (2009).

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