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Socio-economic and Environmental Impacts of Shrimp Culture in Some Selected Areas of Bagerhat District

S. Mitro
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

R. Khatun
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Baten
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Socio-economic and environmental impacts analysis of shrimp (Paeneus monodon) farming in the gher area of Bagerhat District is an important aspect where shrimp cultivation increased over the years. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the present socio-economic status as well as to investigate the soil and water quality of the study area. This study has been carried out at ten villages in five Upazilla (Bagerhat Sadar, Rampal, Mangla, Chitalmari and Fakirhat) of Bagerhat District. The socio-economic impact was investigated using questionnaire survey and environmental impact was assessed by analyzing water and soil quality. The soil and water samples were collected during the period of January to March 2013. Maximum people of this study area were involved in shrimp culture because soil is not suitable for agricultural crops due to high salinity percentage. Annual family income of maximum number (45%) of farmers was greater than 200000 taka per year from shrimp culture. All the soil pH value was neutral to slightly alkaline. Shrimp culture has no noticeable impact on soil quality. On the other hand, shrimp culture has some negative impacts on water quality such as, the range of K and Na in water has been increased and the range of Ca has been decreased than normal range. However, it is very minor compared to annual income from this culture. Therefore, the people of this region may involve more in shrimp culture.

Keywords: Shrimp culture, Socio-economic impacts, Environmental impacts.

Location: Gher area of Bagerhat District

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

1. To investigate the socio-economic impact of shrimp culture and to assess the impact of shrimp culture on soil and water environment.

Methodology:

The study was carried out at Fakirhat, Chitalmari, Bagerhat Sadar, Rampal, and Mangla upazilla of Bagerhat district from January to March 2013. The study was conducted in 10 selected villages of these five Upazillas under Bagerhat district. The villages are selected on the basis of certain sets of criteria such as: these areas are very promising for freshwater prawn; the areas having extensive shrimp culture; shrimp farming has been going on for at least ten years in the areas; shrimp is the main crop and major share of income of the farmers of these area; commercial prawn farming is usually done in these areas. The socio-economic impact analysis was based on field survey where primary data were collected from individual farmers through direct interview. One hundred respondents were interviewed for this purpose. Farmers were selected through simple random sampling method. Age, gender, education, major profession, annual income, land holding, and credit source were considered as independent variable and the dependent variable was the level of knowledge on shrimp farming and environmental issues of the farmers. To investigate the impact of shrimp culture on soil and water environment, soil and water samples were collected from each Upazilla and brought to the laboratory for physical and chemical analysis. Each soil sample was kept separately on a brown paper and mixed thoroughly. About 1kg of soil was collected from each place to give a representative sample. Samples were placed in sealed polythene bags that were labeled to avoid any damage. The level contained the name of the places, date of collection and code number of soil sample. For assessment of water quality, 10 water samples were collected from five Upazilla and were stored in plastic bottle. Soil texture i.e. % sand, silt and clay determinations were carried out by hydrometer method. Organic matter (OM) was done by wet oxidation method. The percent organic carbon of the collected soil samples were determined by wet oxidation method. Total nitrogen in the soil was determined by micro Kjeldahl method. For both soil and water sample: pH was determined by glass electrode pH meter; electrical conductivity (EC) was measured electrometrically; phosphorous (P) was determined calorimetrically by Olsen's method; exchangeable potassium (K) was determined by Ammonium acetate extraction method; sodium (Na) was determined by flame emission spectrophotometer; calcium (Ca) was determined by titration method using Na₂EDTA and sulphur (S) was determined by turbidimetric method with the help of a spectrophotometer.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 265-269, 2014; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Maximum people of this study area were involved in shrimp culture because soil is not suitable for agricultural crops due to high salinity percentage. Annual family income of maximum number (45%) of farmers was greater than 200000 taka per year from shrimp culture. All the soil pH value was neutral to slightly alkaline. Shrimp culture has no noticeable impact on soil quality. On the other hand, shrimp culture has some negative impacts on water quality such as, the range of K and Na in water has been increased and the range of Ca has been decreased than normal range. However, it is very minor compared to annual income from this culture. Therefore, the people of this region may involve more in shrimp culture.

Knowledge Management: Journal