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Adaptive Potential to Flooding Stress in Transformed Apple Rootstock ‘marubakaido’ Possessing T-dna of Wild Type Agrobacterium Rhizogenes

Dr. Mahbub Robbani
Professor
Department of horticulture, PSTU

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the flooding tolerance efficiency of a genetically transformed apple rootstock ‘Transformed Marubakaido’ (TMB). Both grafted (using scion cv. Fuji) and ungrafted trees of TMB were tested in this experiment and their performances were compared with similar trees of other apple rootstocks viz. normal ‘Marubakaido’ (MB) and Malling⁹ (M9). Adaptive potential to flooding stress was assessed in a prolonged and a short duration flooding treatments. Variability in flooding tolerance between the ungrafted MB and TMB was minor, while M⁹ showed an extreme sensitivity leading to plant death. Scion-stock combinations had differential tolerance responses compared to the rootstocks itself showing notable difference in leaf wilting, growth cessation, callus formation, and adventitious root emergence. Fuji trees grafted with transformed stock demonstrated higher shoot growth with delayed leaf wilting followed by delayed growth cessation. Tolerance of scion-stock combinations seemed to be related to the relative tolerance of the rootstocks. Transformed Marubakaido showed significantly higher adaptive responses including lower shoot growth reduction, early and excessive new root emergence. The 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reducing activity in flooded fine roots was higher in TMB until day 15 of estimation. Transformed Marubakaido seemed to be more tolerant.

Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Flooding stress, Root metabolic activity, Transformed apple rootstock

Location:

Start Date: 01-01-2003

End Date: 01-06-2006

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Apple

Objectives:

To study the flood tolerance efficiency of transformed apple rootstock (TMB).

Methodology:

Apple rootstocks viz. MB, TMB and M9 were used as experimental materials. Transformed Marubakaido line was developed from normal MB through integration of T-DNA from wild type A. rhizogenes. Phenotype of TMB was highly dwarf in comparison with its parental type (Fig. 1). Marubakaido and TMB were multiplied by hardwood cuttings, and M9 was multiplied by mound layering in 1999. One-year-old rootstocks were transferred to the tub with a clay loam soil and allowed to grow in the normal field conditions. At least three scion-stock combinations were established onto the potted rootstocks using scion cultivar Fuji in 2001. Three replicates of each rootstock as well as scion-stock combination were subjected to flooding treatment in 2002. In addition to MB, M9 was used as a control treatment to make a more reliable interpretation of the results. The potted rootstocks and their grafts were waterlogged to approx. 5 cm above the top of the soil by placing the tubs into an artificial water reservoir. A constant water level was maintained by irrigation during three months experimental period from 1 June to 30 August, 2002 to replace loss of water due to evapotranspiration. The experimental site was open and unshaded. Observations were made on important flooding responses including tree survival, leaf wilting, growth cessation, callus formation, shoot growth, defoliation, and adventitious rooting of the rootstocks as well as scion-stock combinations to evaluate their extent of flood tolerance. A completely randomized design was used and three trees per rootstocks were randomized in each replicate. All results were expressed as average of replicate samples.

Source of Information: J. Patuakhali Sci. & Tech. Univ. 1 (1):1-10.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

An overall flood tolerance ranking among the rootstocks was: TMB>MB>M9. In this study, TMB showed higher root activity at different days of flooding. Even at day 0, root activity was very distinctively higher in TMB. This implies that higher root activity in TMB seems to be a unique feature of this transformed rootstock and remains an interesting clue for further investigations.

Knowledge Management: Journal