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Performance of Short Duration Pigeonpea Morphotypes in Relation to Flower and Pod Production in Mainstem and Branches

M.G. Mostafa
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.S.A. Fakir
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Mymensingh (24°75'N, 90°50'E) between November 1999 and April 2000 to investigate variation in sink (raceme, flower and pod) production and reproductive abscission levels on mainstem and primary (1°) branches and their relationships with yield and yield attributes in four short duration pigeonpea morphotypes. Results revealed that total number of racemes/plant varied between 45 and 190 and that of flowers/plant between 343 and 2096 while percentage of floral abscission varied between 89 and 94. The pod yield/plant varied between 35 and 119 g/plant and that of seed yield/plant between 7 and 27 g/plant among the morphotypes. It was observed as much as 85 to 89% of the total racemes and 71 to 80% of the total flowers were borne on the 1° branches. Pod and seed yield (70 to 93% and 67 to 80% of the total pod and seed yield, respectively) was also greater on the 1° branches. Results conclude that genotypic variation exists in sink (raceme and flower) production and floral abscission on mainstem and 1° branches, and increased sink production on the 1° branches may be used as a selection criteria for improved yield in short duration pigeonpea.

Keywords: Short duration, Sink variation, Cajanus cajan

Location: Field laboratory, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-1999

End Date: 00-05-2000

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Pigeonpea

Objectives:

1. To investigate the magnitude of flower and raceme production, yield and floral abscission in mainstem (MS), and primary (1°) branch in four short duration pigeonpea morphotypes.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, at 24°75' N latitude and 90°50' E longitude at the elevation of 18 m above the sea level during the period from November, 1999 to April, 2000. Plant materials: Seed of the four determinate short duration pigeonpea (SDP) morphotype were collected from International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India. Of the morphotypes two were short duration (SD-13 and SD-15) and the other two were extra short duration (ESD-19 and ESD-36) morphotypes. Again two were high yielding morphotypes (SD-13 and ESD-19) and the other two were low yielding ones (SD-15 and ESD-36). Manures and fertilizers: Urea @ 8 g/plot, Triple Super Phosphate @ 10 g/plot and Muriate of Potash @ 6 g/plot were used as source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively. Moreover, well decomposed cowdung @ 2.5 kg/plot was also applied to the plots. Before planting, plots were dug and soils were exposed to sun seven days before sowing. Experimental design and layout: The field experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The size of the plot was 4 m x 0.5 m. The plots were separated by 0.5 m wide drain. The plots were raised up to 15 cm from the soil surface. Pigeonpea seeds were hand sown at 5 cm depth at a spacing of 30 cm x 50 cm on November 8, 1999. Emergence of seedlings commenced at 10 days after sowing. Thinning was done at 15 days after sowing (DAS) keeping one healthy seedling in each hill. Standard intercultural practices were followed. Recording data: Data were recorded on randomly selected four individual plants/plot (total numbers of plants was thirteen/plot) in each replication. Number of days required to 50 % flowering and number of days required to 70-80% dry pod maturity were observed in the field. In each plot, 4 plants were tagged for raceme and flower production. Counting of raceme in each tagged plant was registered when it produced first opened flower. That is as soon as opened flower was observed in a raceme it was treated and counted as a raceme. Thus, counting of raceme production was continued on every alternate day for 60 days after first flowering (DAFF). Flower number was estimated by multiplying number of nodes by 2 in a raceme at final harvest. Pods contained at least one filled grain were considered fertile pods. Harvesting and processing: The plots were harvested separately at 70-80% dry pod maturity between March 18 and April 20, 2000. The central guarded rows were sampled and harvested for estimating number of flowers, pods, and pod and seed yield and yield attributes in mainstem and primary branches. The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately, tagged properly and brought to the laboratory for further observation. Prior to harvesting four plants were selected randomly from each plot and dug carefully for collecting data on root characters. The experiment was completed by May 2000.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 2(1): 1-6, 2008; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results revealed that total number of racemes/plant varied between 45 and 190 and that of flowers/plant between 343 and 2096 while percentage of floral abscission varied between 89 and 94. The pod yield/plant varied between 35 and 119 g/plant and that of seed yield/plant between 7 and 27 g/plant among the morphotypes. It was observed as much as 85 to 89% of the total racemes and 71 to 80% of the total flowers were borne on the 1° branches. Pod and seed yield (70 to 93% and 67 to 80% of the total pod and seed yield, respectively) was also greater on the 1° branches. Results conclude that genotypic variation exists in sink (raceme and flower) production and floral abscission on mainstem and 1° branches, and increased sink production on the 1° branches may be used as a selection criteria for improved yield in short duration pigeonpea.

Knowledge Management: Journal