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Use of Culture Filtrates of Trichoderma Strains as a Biological Control Agent Against Colletotrichum Capsici Causing Anthracnose Fruit Rot Disease of Chili

M. Ahsanur Rahman
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M. Mostafizur Rahman
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Md. Kamruzzaman
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Most. Ferdousi Begum
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M. Firoz Alam
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Culture filtrates of five Trichoderma strains viz. Trichoderma virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 were used as seed treatments alone and in combination with culture filtrates of Colletotrichum capsici, to assay their efficacy in suppressing Anthracnose fruit rot disease and promoting chili plant growth and yield, under field conditions. A pot trial experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh from July 2006 to March 2007. Application of culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392433 (T₈) significantly (p=0.05) suppressed the disease percentages (94.97 %) compared to C. capsici treatment and improved both plant growth and yield. The highest seed germination rate (100%) and the highest growth and yield (20.37gm/plant) were also recorded in the same treatment; while culture filtrates of C. capsici treatment (T₁) alone significantly decreased these values. The correlation matrix showed that yield of chili had significant and positive correlation with plant height (r = 0.979**), number of leaf per plant (r = 0.877 **), number of primary branch (r = 0.916 **), number of secondary branch (r = 0.889**), total number of leaf (r = 0.949**) and total number of flower (r = 0.953**) at maximum flowering time, root number (r = 0.970**), root length (r = 0.923**), total number of fruit (r = 0.980**), fruit length (r = 0.935**), fresh fruit weight (r = 0.967**), dry fruit weight (r = 0.920**), total number of seed per fruit (r = 0.868**) and hundred seed weight (r = 0.955**). The significant and negative correlation (r = - 0.671**) was observed with the yield and percentages of infected fruits. The results suggest that T. harzianum IMI-392433 has growth promoting effects and this strain may be used as an effective bio control agent to control Anthracnose fruit rot disease of chili.

Keywords: Biological control, Culture filtrates, Trichoderma, Anthracnose fruit rot, Chili, Germination percentages, Yield components

Location: Botanical Garden, Rajshahi University

Start Date: 00-07-2006

End Date: 00-03-2007

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chilli

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effect of culture filtrates of selective Trichoderma strains alone and their combination with culture filtrates of Colletotrichum capsici to control anthracnose fruit rot disease

2. To evaluate growth, yield and yield contributing character of chilli.

Methodology:

To evaluate the efficacy of culture filtrates of Trichoderma strains in controlling of C. capsici caused Anthracnose fruit rot disease and investigate the growth and yield contributing character of chili the experiment was conducted at Botanical Garden of Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during July 2006 to March 2007. Chili variety Bogra local was collected from Spices Research Centre, Bogra, Bangladesh. Disease free healthy seeds were selected for use in this experiment. Five Trichoderma strains viz. T. virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 and T. harzianum IMI- 392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 were used in this study, which was collected from Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The control treatment was carried out using water. Treatments Experiment was designed with the following combinations. T₀= control (untreated seeds), T₁ = culture filtrates of C. capsici, T₂= culture filtrates of T. virens IMI-392430, T₃= culture filtrates of T. virens IMI-392430 + culture filtrates of C. capsici, T₄= culture filtrates of T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T₅= culture filtrates of T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 + culture filtrates of C. capsici, T₆= culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392432, T₇= culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392432 + culture filtrates of C. capsici, T₈= culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392433, T₉= culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392433 + culture filtrates of C. capsici, T₁₀= culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392434, T₁₁= culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392434 + culture filtrates of C. capsici. Soil was collected from the research field of Rajshahi University campus and sterilized with formaldehyde (formalin: water; 1:5 V/v) and covered with polythene. Yield and yield contributing data were collected at different stages of plant growth after sowing. Observation were recorded for plant height, leaf number, primary and secondary branch, number of flower and number of leaves at the maximum flowering time, root number, root length, total number of fruit, fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight, total number of seed per fruit, 100 seed weight, yield per plant and percentage of infected fruits. The experiment was carried out following Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replicates and 10 chili plants were used in each replicates. Data on growth yield and yield contributing characters were recorded and statistically analyzed with the help of computer package program SPSS for DMRT test.

Source of Information: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 2 (i): 9-18, 2012, ISSN 2220-6663

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above findings culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-392433 is more effective at controlling C. capsici for fruit rot disease of chili, and the strain also showed promising results on chili seed germination, growth and yield characteristics. The results suggest that this strain may be used as an effective bio control agent to control Anthracnose fruit rot disease of chili.

Knowledge Management: Journal