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Antagonistic Potential of Rhizosphere Fungi Against Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot Pathogens of Brinjal

M T AKTAR
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

K S HOSSAIN
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka

M A BASHAR
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Antagonistic potentials of seven rhizoshere soil fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus Link., A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger Tiegh., A. terreus Thom., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum Refat. and T. viride Pers. were tested in opposition to six pathogenic fungi viz., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum and Phomopsis sp. isolated from different leaf spots and fruit rots of brinjal. Out of seven soil fungi, Trichoderma harzianum was found most effective to control the growth of all the test fungi in the study of colony interactions and effects of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. This fungus may be exploited commercially to biocontrol the diseases.

Keywords: Antagonist, Aspergillus, Brinjal, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Volatile metabolites

Location: Botanical Garden, Dhaka University

Start Date: 01-03-2010

End Date: 29-02-2011

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

The present investigation was designed to evaluate antagonistic potentiality of some rhizosphere fungi in vitro against the pathogens of leaf spots and fruit rots of brinjal.

Methodology:

Spotted leaves and rotten fruits of different brinjal cultivars were collected from March, 2010 to February, 2011 directly from farmers fields at Shibpur, Natore, seed production fields of BADC, Gazipur and research fields of the Botanical Garden, Dhaka University. Diseased samples were collected in separate sterile polyethylene bags, labeled properly and then brought to the laboratory for isolating associated fungi following standard blotter and agar plate methods. Among the isolated fungi Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Fusarium moniliforme Sheld., F. oxysporum Schltdl., F. semitectum Berk. & Rav. and Phomopsis sp. were selected as test pathogens owing to their higher percentage of occurrence and previous reports as pathogenic organisms (Anonymous 1997, Richardson 1979). Fungi were isolated from rhizospheric soil of the host following serial dilution method (Brown 2004). Among the isolated soil fungi, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger Tiegh., A. terreus Thom., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum Refai and T. viride Pers. were selected to test their antagonistic potential against the pathogens following dual culture technique described by Bashar and Rai (1994). In dual culture, assessment of colony interactions grading were done based on intermingling and inhibition zone. Per cent inhibition of the growth of the test fungi due to the presence of antagonists were also calculated (Skidmore and Dickinson 1976). Effects of volatile and non-volatile metabolites of the selected soil fungi against the test pathogens were also studied following the methods described by Dennis and Webster (1971b) and Bashar and Rai (1994), respectively.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 213-217, 2014 (September)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results in colony interaction tests show that radial growth inhibition of the test pathogen with the soil fungi was in the range of 35.50 - 81.48% and the highest growth inhibition of Fusarium moniliforme was obtained by Trichoderma harzianum followed by Aspergillus niger and T. viride. The 4th - 6th positions were T. harzianum against Curvularia lunata (80%), Colletotrichum sp. (76.95%) and F. oxysporum (76.63%), respectively. The less inhibition might be due to the difference in the pathogen. Results of this experiment reveal that out of seven soil fungi examined only Trichoderma harzianum exhibited strong antagonistic effect against all the test pathogens. This effect might be due to its fast growing nature, rapid sporulation and toxin producing capacity. The occurrence of inhibition zone between some of the soil fungi and the test fungi could be considered as a result of the production of secondary metabolites, antibiotics, pH alteration and exhaustion of nutrients and space. Trichoderma harzianum is known to be capable of producing antibiotics which might have suppressed the growth of the test pathogens. The present observation suggests that Trichoderma harzianum may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent of leaf spots and fruit rots of brinjal.

Knowledge Management: Journal