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Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Through Fish Feed Against Bacterial Fish Disease

M. Muniruzzaman
Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer
Jhenaidah sadar, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh.

M. B. R. Chowdhury
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were conducted maintaining under aquarium and pond conditions using feed containing medicinal plants/extracts was evaluated on artificially and naturally infected fish with bacterial pathogens. When the fish were exposed to high bacterial pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila Ah-11, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-13 and Edwardsiella tarda Et-70, recovery of the infected fish varied with the pathogens challenged and feed treatments. Fish feed containing bulb extract of Allium sativum (3% feeding) showed significantly (p<0.01) high therapeutic effect recovering the infected fish (Thai silver barb, Barbodes gonionotus) with A. hydrophila (100 ± 0% recovery) and P. fluorescens (90±0% recovery). A similar result was observed in the case of pangas fish feed containing decoction of leaves of Calotropis gigantea where 100 ± 0% E. tarda infected Thai pangas (Pangasius hypophthalmus) were found to be cured. These two types of herbal feed offered similar result when applied to the naturally ulcer-affected Thai silver barb and Thai pangas fingerling under aquarium condition. In pond condition, the herbal feed containing bulb extract of A. sativum was applied experimentally to A. hydrophila infected different fish species maintained in different individual ponds where, 91.67 ± 2.35% Thai silver barb, 84.99 ± 2.35% Rui (Labeo rohita) and 74.99 ± 2.35% Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) were found to be recovered. In contrast, plants mixed pangas feed containing decoction of leaves of C. gigantea was cured 94.44 ± 3.84% E. tarda infected Thai pangas. The other medicinal plants used in this study showed medium to weak effect recovering the bacterial infected fish.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Fish pathogen, Herbal feed, Treatment

Location: Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Feed, Fish

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of feed prepared from indigenous medicinal herbs applying on artificially and naturally bacterial infected fish maintained under laboratory and pond condition.

Methodology:

High effective five herbs viz., Allium sativum, Calotropis gigantea, Momordica charantia, Polygonum hydropiper, Psidium guajava and three high virulent bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila Ah-11, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-13 and Edwardsiella tarda Et-70) were selected for this study based on the in vitro result obtained. The herbs were applied to fish through feeding. The feed containing herbs for therapy was prepared according to the method described by Liping (1994) with minor modification. Extracts collected from 1.0 kg garlic (bulb) mixed with 0.5 kg salt (NaCl) and 1.0 kg SABINCO fish powder feed. Require amount of sterilized water was mixed to make it paste. Then pellet feed was prepared from this paste using feed preparation hand machine and air dried at room temperature with the help of an electric fan. The feed prepared in this way was named as “Herbal Fish Feed”. Similarly, other herbal feed was prepared using 2.0 kg fresh leaves of Momordica charantia, 3.0 kg fresh leaves of Polygonum hydropiper and 3.0 kg fresh leaves of Psidium guajava. Thai silver barb, Barbodes gonionotus (15 to 20g in weight) were artificially infected by the selected virulent isolates A. hydrophila Ah-11 and P. fluorescens Pf-13 whereas Thai pangas, Pangasius hypophthalmus (40 to 50g in weight) were infected by virulent E. tarda Et-70 and maintained in the separate aquaria. For infection, the experimental fish were injected intramuscularly with 0.1ml of individual bacterial suspension of the pre-fixed dose (2.5x106 CFU/ml) at the base of dorsal fin. Control fish received only sterile physiological saline (o.85% NaCl). The ulcer-affected Thai silver barb (15 to 20g in weight) were collected from bacterial affected pond under Sadar upazilla of Mymensingh district and fingerling of Thai pangas were collected from Al-Falah Agro Farm situated at Trishal upazilla. After acclimatization, ten fish of each species were maintained in each aquarium and 3 replications were done for each species. Thai silver barb, Rui (L. rohita), Mrigal (C. cirrhosus) were artificially infected by A. hydrophila Ah-11 and P. fluorescens Pf-13 separately. Two treatment ponds for each species along with control were maintained. One hour after exposure to bacterial pathogen in aquarium condition fish were released into these ponds at a stocking density of 0.75 fish/m2 (30 fish/40m2) and fed with herbal fish feed (fish feed + A. sativum) once a day for 10 days at a dose of 3% body weight of fish only in treatment ponds. Thai pangas were artificially infected by E. tarda Et-70 and maintained in four ponds (three treatments and one control pond). One hour after exposure to bacterial pathogens in aquarium condition fish were released in these ponds at a stocking density of 0.75 fish/m2. Herbal pangas feed was applied once a day for 10 days at a dose of 3% body weight of fish only in three treatment ponds. The analysis of data were done following one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using MSTAT and SPSS statistical programme.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 19(2) : 151-159, 2008 ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/PA/article/view/16956/11908

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the recent years, the application of herbs to prevent and control microbial diseases has received increasing attention as an alternative treatment of chemotherapeutics. The present study revealed that some herbs have an important role when use mixing with feed to control bacterial disease in fish. Further detailed studies are necessary before applying herbal therapy by herbal feed in field condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal