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Effects of Paint Industry Effluent on Soil Productivity

Y. N. JOLLY
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P. O. Box 164 Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

A. ISLAM
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P. O. Box 164 Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

S. B. QURAISHI
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P. O. Box 164 Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

A. I. MUSTAFA
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The impact of various dilutions (2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50%) of paint industry effluent on physico-chemical properties of soil and the germination, growth and dry matter productions of corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been studied. The effluent was acidic and had low BOD and COD values because of its low content of suspended solid. It contained high concentration of calcium, medium concentrations of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, sulphate, chloride and low concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and bicarbonate. The trace element like Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were measured in the μg L-1 level. On irrigation of soil with the effluent an increase in the water soluble salts, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron contents of the soil for effluent concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% were observed but all these parameters were found to decrease on treatment of the soil with the effluent concentration of 25% and above. The effluent of the lower concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10%) enhanced the growth of both crops. However, negative effects on seed germination, dry matter production and the yield of both crops were found for the effluent concentration of 25%.

Keywords: Effect,Plant,Industry,Effuent,Soil productivity

Location: Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Land development productivity

Objectives:

To study the impact of paint industry effluent at varying concentrations on the chemical composition of an agricultural soil as well as evaluate its quality as an alternate means of irrigation for crop cultivation

Methodology:

Effluent collection: The effluent used for irrigation of crops in the present investigation was collected from the Berger Paints Bangladesh Ltd., Savar producing both water and solvent based paints. The major contaminants in the effluent streams results from the washing of paint and the resin reactors. The effluent is treated with lime and alum for coagulation of suspended matter and discharged into the environment through a drainpipe after separation of the solid mass. The final effluent after collection in a 20 litre-plastic container was kept undisturbed for about two hours for the settlement of some solid particles at the bottom of the container. The clear effluent from the top was poured into a plastic bucket and diluted as per the requirements to serve the purpose. Irrigation of agricultural soil with effluent: The soil of 0-30 cm depth for effluent-irrigation was collected from a regularly cultivated agricultural land in Gazaria Upazila, Munshigonj district. The sampling area falls into the agroecological zone- old Himalayan piedmont plain with the dominant loamy and sandy soil texture(9). This soil occurs on the Tista, Karatoya-Bargali, Jamuna, Meghna and Surma-Kusiyara and parts of old Himalayan piedmont plain, and old Brahamaputra and old Meghna esturine floodplains. The soil type is nocalcareous grey floodplain soil. The subsoil is near neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction. Varieties of crops are cultivated in the soil. The pit method was followed for soil collection. Five square pits, each 0-30 cm depth were dug using a steel-made spade on a land of about 1327 Sq. metres. A sufficient quantity of soil was collected from the sides of each pit. The collected sample from all pits were thoroughly mixed on the spot and carried in thick polyethylene bags. In order to study the impact of the effluent, experiments were carried out on this soil contained in earthen-ware pots having no leakage. Seven kilograms of soil was placed in each of the six 25 cm-diameter earthen pots (soil in each pot was 15 cm deep) and irrigated daily with 500 ml of different concentrations of effluents: 0, 2.5,5 10, 25 and 50% (V/V). Two other sets of six pots filled with the same amount of soil were used to grow corn and rice using the same amount of effluent concentrations. The irrigation was continued until the crops were matured for sampling. For control groundwater was used for irrigation.Collection and preparation of plant and soil samples: When the plants were matured they were cut off at the base and data were recorded for their different parts per plant. Number and mass of seeds produced per plant were recorded. Root system of each plant were carefully taken out of the soil so that fine roots were not removed and washed free of soil by gently soaking it in a bucket of water. All plant samples were dried in an oven at 700C to constant weight. The samples were ground to fine powder in a carbide mortar by a pestle and preserved in a desiccator until analysis. The effluent-treated soil samples in the earthen pots were allowed to dry naturally. Each sample was then transferred to a plastic bowl and properly homogenized with a clean wooden spatula. An adequate amount of each sample was collected in a polyethylene bag and preserved in a desiccator until further processing. The samples were dried in METHODS OF ANALYSIS Analysis of physicochemical characteristics and trace elements in soil: The soil samples were ground in an agate mortar with a pestle and passed through a sieve of 100 mesh. Using standard methods the samples were then analyzed for various physicochemical characteristics including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter(10) and available Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, electrical conductivity (EC) and water-soluble salts(11). The dry combustion method was used for organic determination. The available elements Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe were first extracted through ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) extraction method. The concentrations of these elements in the extracts were measured by flame AAS method. The available N and P were measured by methods developed by Fox & Piekielek(12) and Nelson et al.(13), respectively. An isotopic source-excited X-ray Fluorescence method was used for trace element analysis in soil samples(1). Analysis of protein, carbohydrate and trace elements in plant seeds: The dry corn and rice seed samples were ground to fine powder in a carbide mortar with a pestle. The finely ground samples of both crop seeds were then digested and analyzed for total nitrogen content using Kjeldahl method. The protein content in corn and rice seeds was then calculated by multiplying the percentage in seeds by a factor of 6.25 and 5.95, respectively. The total carbohydrate content in crop seeds was estimated by difference method. The calculation was done using the formulation: 100- (weight in grams [protein + fat + water + ash] in 100g of sample)(14). Fat was determined by extraction with acetone under refluxing condition(14). Trace elements in seeds of both crops were measured by XRF method(15). an oven at 70⁰C overnight as per requirements of the methods where necessary before analysis.

Source of Information: Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 41-53, 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was found from this investigation that the irrigation of agricultural soil with 2.5%, 5% and 10% paint industry effluent enhanced the growth of crops increasingly compared to the water irrigation (control). The irrigation with 10% effluent was the best for this purpose and could fulfill the fertilizer requirements of crops. But a negative effect was observed from the irrigation with 25% and 50% effluent. Soil pH decreased with the increase in effluent concentration. Hence this acidic effluent may be suitable for fields with alkaline soils. This use of the effluent not only solve the disposal problem but also serves as an additional source of liquid fertilizer.

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