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Antagonistic Potential of Jute Rhizosphere Actinomycetes Against Three Fungal Plant Pathogens

M. A. Bashar
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. L. Sara
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. R. Khan
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. Z. Hossain
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Antagonistic potential of jute rhizosphere actinomycetes against Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii was evaluated through the effect of their volatile and non-volatile metabolites. The tested actinomycetes varied in their antagonistic activity. Volatile metabolites of Streptomyces griseoruber showed maximum inhibition (37.5%) against M. phaseolina while non-volatile metabolites of S. atroolivaceus showed 71.43% inhibition of the same pathogen. The maximum inhibition of R. solani by the volatile and non- volatile metabolites was recorded in case of S. griseoruber (44.64%) and S. atrooliuaceus (73.33%), respectively. Significant inhibition of S. rolfsii was owing to the volatile metabolites of S. carpinensis and S. atroolivaceus and non-volatiles of S. atroolivaceus. Streptomyces atroolivaceus, S. griseoruber, S. filipinensis and S. carpinensis were found to be the most potential antagonists against the three fungal jute pathogens.

Keywords: Biological Control, Actinomycetes, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii

Location: Plant Pathology Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

To determine the most potential antagonists jute rhizosphere actinomycetes against the three fungal plant.

Methodology:

During the present research work the actinomycetes were isolated from the jute Corchorus capsularis L. field soils and were identified. The fungal pathogens were obtained from culture collection of Plant Pathology Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRl), Dhaka. The method described by Bashar and Rai⁽¹⁾ was followed to study the effect of volatile and non-volatile metabolites of ten actinomycetes on the growth of M. phaseolina, R. solani and S. rolfsii. For the effect of volatile, the soil actinomy- cetes were grown on starch casein agar medium in 90 mm petriplates for 120 hours at 37°C. Thereafter the lid of each petriplate was replaced by the bottom plate of the same size, containing 15 ml PDA medium, preinoculated centrally with a mycelial agar disc of 5 mm diameter of a jute pathogen. Both the plates were then sealed with transparent adhesive tape. The lid of the control plate, which was not inoculated with any actinomycetes was also replaced in the same way but with the jute pathogen in place of soil actinomycetes. Three replications were maintained in each case. All the plates were incubated at 25 ± 2°C. The colony diameter of the pathogen was measured in two directions at right angle to each other at the interval of 24, 48, and 72 hours.

To test the effect of non-volatile metabolites the actinomycetes were grown on starch casein agar medium. Three agar discs, each of 5 mm diameter of an individual soil actinomycetes were cut from the actively growing margins of a three-day-old culture and were inoculated into a 250 ml conical flask containing 150 ml starch casein broth medium. After 15 days of incubation at 37°C, the culture of a soil actinomycetes was filtered first through a filter paper and then centrifused at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes and finally passed through a membrane filter (0.45 11m) under vacuum pressure to obtain cell free culture filtrate. Particular concentration (20 per cent) of culture filtrate was obtained by supplementing it with required amount of sterilized PDA medium. About 15 ml of the supplemented molten PDA medium was poured in a sterilized petriplate in three replicates and was allowed to solidify. In case of control, sterile distilled water was used instead of a culture filtrate. Each petriplate was inoculated centrally with a 5 mm mycelial agar disc, cut from the margin of a actively growing culture of a jute pathogen. All the plates were incubated at 25 ± 2°C. The radial growth of the colonies was measured after three days of incubation.

The per cent growth inhibition of the jute pathogen was calculated by using the following formula for volatiles as well as for non-volatiles. I=(C-T/C)x1oo where, I denotes per cent growth inhibition, C denotes growth in control and T denotes growth in treatment, respectively. The results obtained during the course of the present study were analysed statistically by applying "t" test.^(14).

Source of Information: Biological Sciences, Vol-10, N0-1, page:43-49, January 2001, (ISSN 1021-2484)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the present investigation suggest the possibility of exploitation of S. atrooliuaceus, S. griseoruber, S. filipinensis and S. carpinensis for biological control of stem rot, root rot and soft rot of jute caused by M. phaseolina, R. solani and S. rolfsii, respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal