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Bradyrhizobium (chickpea)-micronutrient Interaction Studies in Soils of Different Ph

M. A. Sattar
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box # 4, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M. Ashraful Alam
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box # 4, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Sultana Ahmed
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box # 4, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) was used to test the effect of addition of four micronutrients, in the presence and absence of Bradyrhizobium. to three soils in a pot culture experiment at BINA, Mymensingh. Mo and B were each applied at 2.5 and 5 kg ha^-1 and Zn and Mn at 5 and 10 kg ha^-1. A mixture of all four micronutrients each at its lowest level of application and a control were included. The soils used were of the Madhupur tract (pH 5.4), the Brahamaputra floodplain (pH 6.8) and Calcareous alluvium (pH 8.5). A basal application of triple superphosphate (26 kg P ha^-1) and muriate oj potash (33 kg K ha^-1) was applied to all pots. Chickpea responded differently to both micronutrient application and inoculation in different soils. The combined application of micronutrient+inoculation treatment increased the number of nodules, dry matter grain and hay yields and nitrogen content of seeds in all three soils, the highest being in caleareous soil. Individual micronutrients at the lower rate performed well in alkaline and neutral pH soil but depressed yields at the higher rate. The depressive effect of the higher rates was substantially ameliorated by the application of inoculant. Yields with inoculation at nearly all levels of micronutrient application and in all soils were considerably better than those of the respective uninoculated controls. The magnitude of the response at alkaline and acidic pH was greater than that at neutral pH.

Keywords: Chickpea, Soils, Micronutrient

Location: BINA, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-1990

End Date: 00-03-1991

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

To determine the effect of addition of micronutrients Mo, Mn, B, Zn and Bradyrhizobium in soils of various pH levels on the nodulation, yield and N content of chickpea.

Methodology:

The three soil types used were (1) Madhupur tract (Tejaon series) (2) Brahmaputra floodplain (Sonatala series) and (3) Calcareous alluvium (Sara series). The experiment was conducted during November 1990 to March 1991 at BINA, Mymensingh with 10 micronutrients comprising control, Mo (as ammonium molybdate) at 2.5 and 5.0 kg ha^-1, boron (as borax) at 2.5 and 5.0 kg ha^-1, zinc (as zinc sulphate) at 5.0 and 10 kg ha^-1, managese (as manganese sulphate) at 5.0 and 10.0 kg ha^-1 and a mixture of all the 4 micronutrients at their lower level in presence and absence of Bradyrhizobium inoculant. Basal doses of triple super phosphate (26 kg P ha^-1) and muriate of potash (33 kg K ha^-1) were applied to the pots which contained 10 kg of soils. All the fertilizers were added to the soil and mixed well one day before sowing. Seeds of chickpea were coated with a peat based mixed culture inoculant, BINA-CP-2 (50 gm kg^-1 seed) which consisted of 2 local Bradyrhizobium strains CP Dhaka and CP 2200. Sugarcane molasses (40 mg kg^-1 seed) was used as sticking agent. The Bradyrhizobim strains were grown separately in yeast extract mannitol broth to a concentration of about 10⁹ cells ml^-1 broth. Mixed culture inoculant was prepared by mixing equal quantity of 5-day old culture grown at 28? on a rotary shaker. Five seeds were planted in each pot and thinned to four after germination. There were three replications for each treatment. Pots were arranged in a completely randomized split block design with soils as the main blocks and were watered with tap water uniformly every alternate day to maintain proper moisture condition of the soils. The plants were grown in a semi-controlled glasshouse receiving sun- light for about 10-11 hour each day. The temperature in the glasshouse during the experiment ranged from 15? (minimum) to 35? (maximum). Nodulation (number and dry weight of nodules) and dry matter weight of plants were recorded at mid-flowering stage (90 days after planting). Grain and hay yields were recorded at physiological maturity (120 days after planting). Separate statistical analyses (ANOVA) were carried out for each soil type and Least Significant Difference was calculated to compare treatment means.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Vol-26(1&2), pp. 07-14, December 2000, ISSN-0253-5440.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results obtained by this study show that nodulation, dry matter weight, grain and hay and N content are greatly enhanced by the inoculation with Bradyrhizobium in all three soils. Few nodules developed on plants grown in the uninoculated soils which might have been caused by naturalized rhizobia. However. closer study reveals that the nodules were not bold as evidenced by their dry weights. The inoculant used in this experiment was most effective recording much more nodules and dry weight in the treated plants. It can therefore, be concluded that the native rhizobia were not sufficient to produce optimum nodulation. Similar enhancement in nodulation of legumes in tropical soils following the inoculation of bradyrhizobia have frequently been reported Micronutrient application, specially at lower rates, improved nodulation and other yield contributing parameters. With this micronutrient rhizobial inoculation further improved the nodulation and yield of the crop. Alkaline soil (calcareous alluvium) recorded better yields than the neutral and acid soils. Soil acidity, through the effect of low pH, Ca deficiency and Mo deficiency can affect nodule function and growth of legumes. Rhizobial strains reduce impact of low pH on nodulation and nitrogen fixation.

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