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Effect of Different Plant Oils on the Mortality of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Storage

M. Husain
Director (Reserch)
BINA , Mymensingh

M. K. Mahmud
M. S . Student
Department Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh

M. M. Husain
Smntific officer
BINA, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments ware conducted in the laboratory to study the efficacy of I0 different plant oils for the control of pulse beetle , Ca/losohruc:hus chinensis L. in the storage . The efficacy of oils were assessed on the basis of oviposition inhibition , adult emergence , direct toxicity effect and weight loss of mungbean seeds. The plant oils used 111 these studies were mustard (Brussicu campestris L.), soybean (Glycine max) , coconut (Cocos nucifera) , seasame ( Sesamum indicum), linseed (Linium usitatiss imum), palm ( FLaeis guineensis ) , joytoon (Gyrocarpus americana) , olive (Olea europea) and castor (Ricinus communis) . The oils were applied at two dosages at the rate of 5 .0 and IO .Oml/ kg of seeds . The egg oviposition by the pulse beetle was significantly reduced due to the application of oils on the seeds. The adult emergence was completely inhibited on the seeds treated with mustard , coconut , soybean and neem oils at the rate of I 0 ml/kg. The rest of the oils reduced the adult emergence significantly compared to control. The percentage of adult emergence was found to decrease at the higher dosage. The higher dosage of the oils had better effect. The mortality of in sect increased proportionately with the increases of dosage . The weight loss of seed s were reduced due to oil application. The treatment of oils did not show any adverse effect on germination of seeds after five months of storage.

Keywords: Pulse beetle, Mustard, Soybean, Coconut, Sesame, Linseed, Palm, Joytoon , Olive, Ricinus communis .

Location: Entomology laboratory, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-08-1999

End Date: 00-02-2000

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To find out the efficacy of some plant oils in controlling the pulse beetle in storage which are very cost effective and free from any undesirable side effects.

Methodology:

Experiments on comparative efficacy of 10 different plant oils viz. Mustard (Brassica camp estries L.), Soybean (Glycine max L.), Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), Linsead (Linium usitatissimu m L.), Pa lm (Flaeis guineensis), Joytoon (Gyrocarpus americana J acq), Olive (Olea europea L.), Neem (Azadiracla indica A Juss) and Castor (Ricinus communis L.) against pulse beetle on mungbean in storage were conducted in the Entomology laboratory, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during the period from August 1999 to February 2000. The oils were collected from the various grocery stores of Mymensingh. Each oil was applied at two dosages: @l 5.0 and I 0.0 ml /kg of seeds. The pulse beetles were reared in the laboratory on mungbean seeds at room temperature. First, each oil at two dosages were applied separate y on previously weighed 500 gm mungbean seeds. Then th e seeds were shaken b y hand for mixing of the oils so that they give a unif orm coating on the grains . From each lot of seeds, 20 gm of seeds were weighted and taken in a petridish (90 mm diameter). There were 3 replications for each dosages of oil along wit h control containing 20 gm of fresh mungbean seeds which were not treated with oil. Then all the 63 petridishes ( l 0 x 2 x 3 + 3) without the lid , were arranged on a table in a completely randomized design and covered with a wooden cage (80 em x 60 em x 18 em) having glasses in two sides and nylon on top. After that I 00 pair s of 24 hours old adult beetles were taken in a petridish and it was inserted into the cage by slightly raising the upper part of the cage. The petridish containing the beetles was placed at the centre of all the petridishes and the upper lid was removed. The cage was sealed so that the beetles cannot escape. After two days of release the beetles (dead and a li ve) were removed from the individual petridish. The eggs laid on grains of each treatment in the petrid1shes were counted individually by using hand lens. After counting the eggs, both the infested and uninfested grains were kept in the respective petridishes with hd and left for adult emergence. After emergence of adult beetles, the insects were taken out from the petridishes and the ir numbers were counted. The toxicity test was conducted by evaluating the mortality of adult beetles. At first, oil was mixed with 20 gm mungbean seeds and then treated grains were placed in a sterilized petridish (9 cm Dia . ). Five pair s of adult in sects were released in each petridish and were covered with lid . Two treatments along with a control and three replications were made for each treatment. Insects mortalities were recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. After adult emergence. The mungbean seeds were cleaned and then weighed. The percentage of weight loss was calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J . Nuclear Agric . 21 & 22 35-44,2006; ISSN 0258-7130

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The adult emergence was completely inhibited on the seeds treated with mustard , coconut , soybean and neem oils at the rate of I 0 ml/kg. The rest of the oils reduced the adult emergence significantly compared to control. The percentage of adult emergence was found to decrease at the higher dosage. The higher dosage of the oils had better effect. The mortality of in sect increased proportionately with the increases of dosage . The weight loss of seed s were reduced due to oil application. The treatment of oils did not show any adverse effect on germination of seeds after five months of storage.

Knowledge Management: Journal