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Cytotoxic Studies on Two Meliaceae Plants: Chukrasia Tabularis and Aglaia Roxburghiana

M. K. Islam
Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

I. Z. Eti
Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

J. A. Chowdury
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The paper details a biological investigation on chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana, species of meliaceae. The methanol crude extract of chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana have been screened for antitumor potentials using brine shrimp lethality bioassay with ten different concentrations. An established cytotoxic agent vincristine sulphate has been used to compare the results. From the graphs the concentration of methanolic crude extract yields the value of LC50 (50% mortality) as 1.58μg/ml and 2.21μg/ml for chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana, respectively. In the same way the concentration at which 90% mortality (LC90) occurs for the methanol extract are obtained from the graphs and the values have been found to be 141.41μg/ml and 70.70μg/ml for chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana, respectively.

Keywords: Chukrasia tabularis; Aglaia roxburghiana; Meliacea; Cytotoxicity.

Location: Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To determine the medicinal effect Chukrasia Tabularis and Aglaia Roxburghiana

Methodology:

Crude extract of chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana were prepared by using cold extraction process in methanol. 4 mg crude extract of chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana were taken and dissolved in 200μl of pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in two vials to get stock solutions of 400μg/ml. A series of solutions of different concentrations were prepared from the stock solution by serial dilution method and the concentrations were as: 400μg/ml, 200μg/ml, 100μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 25μg/ml, 12.5μg/ml, 6.25μg/ml, 3.125μg/ml, 1.5625μg/ml and 0.78125μg/ml. Then the samples were subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay [12, 13] for cytotoxic studies. In each test tube, containing different concentrations of test sample, 10 brine shrimp nauplii (artemia salina) were added. Two control groups were used in cytotoxicity study, to validate the test method and results obtained due to the activity of the test agent. In the study vincristine sulphate was used as the positive control. Measured amount of the vincristine sulphate was dissolved in DMSO to get an initial concentration of 20 μg/ml and serial dilutions were made using DMSO to get 10 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 2.5μg/ml, 1.25 μg/ml, 0.625 μg/ml, 0.3125 μg/ml, 0.1563 μg/ml, 0.078125 μg/ml and 0.0390 μg/ml of concentration. 30 μl of DMSO was added to each of three premarked glass vials containing 5 ml of simulated seawater and 10 shrimp nauplii to use as negative control groups. After 24 hours, the test tubes were observed and the numbers of survived nauplii in each test tube were counted and the results were noted. From this, the percentage of lethality of brine shrimp nauplii was calculated at each concentration for each sample.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Res. 1 (2), 399-403 (2009)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present bioactivity study, the crude methanolic extract showed positive results indicating that the test samples are biologically active. Plotting of log of concentration (log C) versus percent mortality (% mortality) for all test samples showed an approximate linear correlation. From the graphs, the median lethal concentration (LC50, the concentration at which 50% mortality of brine shrimp nauplii occurred) were determined but in few cases due to higher mortality rates LC50 cannot be determined and for them LC90 values were determined. The crude extract of chukrasia tabularis showed significant cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii and LC50 value was 1.58 μg/ml. The 90% mortalityrate was also calculated to get the therapeutic index and the value was 141.41 μg/ml.Similarly aglaia roxburghiana showed the LC50 value of 2.21μg/ml and LC90 value of 70.70μg/ml. For the conformity of the result, the test was done two times. An approximate linear correlation was observed when logarithm of concentration versus percentage of mortality was plotted on the graph paper and the values of LC50 were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2000. All the values were compared with vincristine sulphate whose LC50 was found to be 0.625 μg/ml.

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