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Effects of Different Sowing Dates on the Phenology and Accumulated Heat Units in Three Rapeseed (brassica Campestris L.) Varieties

Mst. Towhida Akhter
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

MA Mannan
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

PB Kundu
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

NK Paul
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of sowing dates on phenology and accumulated heat units of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). Seeds of three varieties (BARI Sarisha-14, BINA Sarisha-5 and BINA Sarisha-6) were sown on four different dates from October to December (S₁-18 October, S₂-2 November, S₃-17 November and S₄-3 December). The results indicated that the number of days required to attain different phenological stages decreased with delay in sowing. For all the phenological stages, S₁ required higher heat units than that of other sowings. The plants of S₁ used heat more efficiently than S₂, S₃ and S₄. At the earlier phenological stages, phenothermal index decreased with delay in sowing, but increased at the later stages.

Keywords: Phenology, Growing degree days, Heat use efficiency, Pheno-thermal index

Location: Rajshahi University Campus

Start Date: 00-10-2006

End Date: 00-03-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To study the effect of sowing date and crop variety on phenological development, growth and productivity of rapeseed under mild and short winter condition of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Rajshahi University Campus (Agro- Ecological Zone 11), Bangladesh (24°75′ N latitude and 90°50′ E longitude) during October, 2006 to March, 2007 and October, 2008 to March, 2009 growing seasons. The soil type was silty loam, having pH 7.5 and 35% of field capacity. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Each replicated field was divided into four main plots for sowing treatments (S₁ = 18 October, S₂ = 2 November, S₃ = 17 November, S₄ = 3 December). Each main plot was divided into three sub-plots for varities of rapeseed. Each plot size was 4m × 3m, i.e., 12 m² having a plot to plot distance 1 m to the North- South, 2 m to the East-West; replication to replication distance 2 m, row to row 30 cm, and plant to plant 10 cm approximately. Border rows were not considered because of the border effect. The most improtant stages like bud initiation, flowering, pod filling and physiological maturity were recorded in days when 50% of a variety of each replication reached a definite stage as the representative of that stage. The daily meteorological data from the Regional Meterotogical Office, located at about 1 km away from the experimental field, were used. The growing degreedays (GDD), heliothermal unit (HTU), phenothermal index (PTI) and heat use efficiency (HUE) were calculated according to the formulae of Rajput (1980). Growing degree days (GDD) = (T_max + T_min) / 2-T_b (Here, T_max = Maximum temperature, T_min = Minimum temperature, T_b = Base temperature = 10°C). Heliothermal unit (HTU) = GDD × duration of sunshine hour, phenothermal index (PTI) = GDD ÷ growth days. Heat use efficiency (HUE) = Grain yield/ha ÷ GDD.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 97-101, 2015 (March)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJB/article/view/22730/15638

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the present study suggest that changes in the ambient temperature for a short period are reflected in the phenothermal index during the individual growth stages. Thus, the index seems to be effective in taking into account and expressing the effect of varying ambient temperature on the duration between the phenological events for comparing the crop response to the ambient temperature between the different phenological stages. The difference in phenothermal indices for different growth stages indicates that the accumulated temperature could be utilized for studying biomass accumulation pattern at different phenological stages which ultimately influences the crop productivity.

Knowledge Management: Journal