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Effectiveness of Amaranthus Gangeticus in Arsenic Extraction from Soil

F. B. Nasir
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.

S. Islam
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.

G. M. Munna
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.

S. Ray
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.

R. Awal
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Phytoremediation of heavy metal rich soil has become a practical approach nowadays. Though this method is very promising, it requires long time for complete remediation of contaminated soil. Assortment of appropriate plant for specific heavy metal is very important to decontaminate soil within short period of time. The present study was conducted on Amaranthus gangeticus to find out its potential to remove arsenic (As) from soil within short period of time. Phytoremediation trail was followed by growing plants in varying concentrations of As contaminated soil and subsequently one month of plant growing period it removed 72%-81% of the total soil As. This species accomplish maximum accumulation capacity of 17934 mg/Kg in shoots and store 72%-78% metal in aerial parts. Several parameters that have an influence on phytoremediation potential such as time, concentration, bio concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were also calculated to investigate its appropriateness as effective hyperaccumulator.

Keywords: Amaranthus gangeticus; Arsenic (As) extraction; Heavy metal; Hyperaccumulator

Location: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Contamination of soil

Objectives:

To find its accumulation efficiency in As contaminated soil. Various effects such as time, concentration, BCF, TF are evaluated to ascertain this plant as excellent as hyperaccumulator.

Methodology:

To carry out present study, top soil (0-20 cm) was collected from agricultural land, air dried and sieved to pass through a 2 mm sieve for removal of foreign bodies and coarse particles. Particle size distribution of the soil was 90% sand, 6% silt and 4% clay. Soil weighed and analyzed for As. Dry density of the soil was 1.75 gm/cm³. Equal (2 Kg) amount of soil placed in several identical pots of 10 cm depth. Soil was contaminated with known concentration (0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.7 mg/L, 0.9 mg/L) of As solution in such a way that the pots contain 57.14 mg Kg^-1, 114.29 mg Kg^-1, 171.42 mg Kg^-1, 285.71 mg Kg^-1, 400 mg Kg^-1, and 514.29 mg Kg^-1of As. Contaminated soils were mixed properly to make it homogenous and allowed to adjust for 7 days before seeding. Amaranth seeds were collected from local market and then equal seeding was done for each pot. Distilled water was added periodically as required to maintain moisture content of soil at field capacity during growing period of plants. The pots were randomly arranged outside laboratory to ensure natural condition of sunlight and air. Distilled water was added every 2 days. Collection of sample soil was done by keeping several days of interval at two different depths (2.5 and 5 cm). Sample collections are made from different places in following days of test. Plants were grown for 4 weeks and at the end of the experiment plants along with roots were harvested. The plant divided into roots and above ground parts. Roots were washed with tap water and distilled water and oven dried at 105°C for 24 h. Shoots were further separated as stem and leaves, oven dried at 105°C for 24 h and total dry weight was recorded. Then the samples were ground into fine powder with mortar; acid digested with 2.5 mL HNO₃ and 7.5 mL HCl for one day prior to As test. Amount of As in plant tissue and soil was determined by silver diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC) method. The process involved reduction of As⁺⁵ to As⁺³ by Zn. Firstly, sample was taken into a clean generator bottle then 5 mL concentrated HCl, 2 mL of KI solution, and 0.4 mL of stannous chloride solution were added successively. Sample was allowed to stand 15 min for the reduction of As from pentavalent state to trivalent state. Lead acetate solution was imported in glass wool and scrubber introduced with this. 4 mL SDDC solution was added to the absorber assembly. After addition of 3 g Zn dust to generator bottle it is placed for 30 min for evolution of As. Solution from absorber was collected and tested with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Bio concentration factor indicates the appropriateness of a plant in accumulating a metal into its harvested tissues from the surrounding environment. Translocation factor (TF) is a useful parameter to evaluate the capability of plant to accumulate the metal. The results were presented as mean with standard deviation and three replicate measurements were made on each sample. The data obtained in three replications were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS at a statistical significance as p value less than 0.05.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Res. 8 (1), 71-79 (2016), ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online).

Article Link (Online Journal): www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSR, http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v8i1.24359

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Present study clearly demonstrates the efficiency of Amaranthus gangeticus in extracting As from soil. Percentage of reduction (72%-81%) of the metal is outstanding just in one month. In addition, BCF and TF values were favorable for the studied plant (BCF>>1 and TF>1). Effect of As accumulation in presence of higher amount of other heavy metals in soil should be investigated in future study. Proper management of heavy metal prone plants is needed to keep the environment safe and sound. However, disposal of arsenic affected plants can be made by a process such as incineration away from any agricultural land.

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