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A Quantitative Analysis of Chromium and Zinc in Water and Raw Milk in Chittagong, Bangladesh

S. Akther
Department of Food Processing and Engineering, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh.

S. M. S. Shahriar
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh.

H. M. Zakir
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh.

M. K. Alam
Department of Food Processing and Engineering, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The concentration of selected heavy metals (chromium and zinc) was detected and estimated in water and raw milk collected from Chittagong City of Bangladesh. A total of 25 water samples and 20 raw milk samples were collected from different farms situated in 10 locations of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Chromium content in water was obtained in the range from 0.2 µg/L to 13 µg/L. The highest level of chromium content in water was 13.068 µg/L. The content of chromium in raw milk was obtained in the range from 2 µg/L to 17 µg/L. The highest level of chromium in milk was 17.062 µg/L. Chromium concentrations in water and milk were below the maximum allowed limit. The concentration of zinc in water was in the range from 0.01 mg/L to 1 mg/L. The highest level of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L. The concentration of zinc in raw milk was in the range from 0.6 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L. The highest concentration of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L which is around the toxicological guidance value of zinc.

Keywords: Chromium; Zinc; Water; Milk

Location: Chittagong area of Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-03-2014

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Milk, Water quality

Objectives:

To determine the concentration of Cr and Zn in water and cow's milk available in market in Chittagong city corporation area of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Total 25 and 20 samples of water and raw milk were collected from 10 different locations during March-April, 2014 in Chittagong area of Bangladesh. HNO₃ was used for the dilution and mineralization of water samples. 100 mL of each representative water sample was transferred into Pyrex beaker containing 10 mL of conc. HNO₃. The sample was boiled slowly and then evaporated on a hotplate to the lowest possible volume (about 20 mL). The beaker was allowed to cool and another 5 mL of conc. HNO₃ was added. Heating was continued with the addition of conc. HNO₃ as necessary until digestion was complete. The sample was evaporated to dryness and then cooled, followed by the addition of 5 mL HCl solution (1:1 v/v). The solution was warmed and 5 mL of 5M NaOH was added, and then filtered through Whatman No. 42 filter paper. The filtrate was transferred to 100 mL volumetric flask, diluted up to the mark with deionized water and then subjected to elemental analysis. For the milk samples, 5 mL of milk was pipetted into the 200 mL cylindrical flask. Conc. HNO₃ (10 mL) and H ₂SO₄ (3 mL) as well as milk were heated at 120°C for 4 h. After heating 1 mL of 20% H₂O₂ was added and heated the mixture at 200°C for 8 min. The final digested sample was diluted to 50 mL with deionized water and then filtered through Whatman No. 42 filter paper. The filtered solution was then used for the elemental analysis. Cr and Zn in water and milk samples were determined according to previously described methods [10,11]. The samples were analyzed in a laboratory with a quality assurance schemes by using “Analytikjena Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, model: ZEEnit700P, Germany”. Exposure estimates have been compared with health-based toxicological reference values (e.g. heavy metals have been compared with acceptable daily intakes ADI). The concentrations of Cr and Zn in water and raw milk were determined by using ASpect LS 1.2.0.0, Analytik Jena AG 2011-2012 system software. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS statistical software of version 14. All values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD).

Source of Information: J. Sci. Res. 8 (1), 93-100 (2016), ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online).

Article Link (Online Journal): www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSR, http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v8i1.24776

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The purpose of this study was to focus on concentration of selected metals in water and raw milk. In this study, it was found that in both water and raw milk concentrations of Cr and Zn were within the maximum limit. Comparative study of the present work with those of relevant works done in other countries revealed similar levels of metals in water and raw milk. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the contents of “essential” and “toxic” heavy metals on a greater number of samples to confirm the absence of possible toxicological risks.

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