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Effect of Seed Sources and Seed Treatments on Disease Incidence, Severity and Seed Yield of Rice in Bangladesh

M.M.H. Chowdhury
Seed Pathology CentreBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

I. Hossain
Department of Plant PathologyBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

P.Day
Seed Pathology CentreBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. Ahmad
Department of Horticulture; Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

H. Mahmud
Department of Agriculture Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2008 to find out the disease incidence, severity and seed yield of different seed sources and seed treatments of T. aman rice seed. There were two seed sources (S₁ - Farmer and S₂ - BADC) and nine seed treatments viz. T₁ - no seed treatment (check), T₂ - sorted out clean seed, T₃ - washed seed, T₄ - washed and sorted out clean seed, T₅ - seed treated with garlic extract (1:10), T₆ - seed treated with vitavax-200 (0.3%), T₇ - seed treatment with BAU-Biofungicide (2%), T₈ - seed treated with Brine solution (10% Nacl) and T₉ - seed treated with urea solution (2%) were used in this research. The highest incidence and severity of brown spot and narrow brown leaf spot was recorded in S₁, while the lowest was in S₂. At tillering stage the highest incidence of disease severity of brown spot (63.33%) was recorded in T₁ and the lowest (20.00%) was recorded in T₄. The maximum disease severity of narrow brown leaf spot was recorded in T₁while the lowest was in T₄. The highest interaction effect of disease incidence of brown spot was found in S₁ x T₁ and the lowest was in S₂ x T₄. At the ripening stage the highest disease incidence and severity of brown spot, narrow brown spot, sheath blight and sheath rot were recorded in S₁, while the lowest was recorded in S₂. Effect of seed treatment on the highest disease incidence and severity of sheath blight and sheath rot was recorded in T₁, while the lowest was recorded in T₄. The highest disease severity of brown spot, narrow leaf spot, sheath blight and sheath rot was recorded in T₁ and S₁x T₁ while the lowest was recorded in T₄ and S₂ x T₄. Effect of seed sources on the highest total number of tiller/hill, number of effective tiller/hill, number of filled grain/hill, grain yield/plot was recorded in S₂ while the lowest was S₁. The maximum number of unfilled grain/hill, plant height was recorded in S₁ while the minimum was recorded in S₂. Effect of seed treatment on the highest total number of tiller/hill, number of effective tiller/hill, number of filled grain/hill, plant height, grain yield/plot was recorded in T₄ while the lowest was T₁. Interaction effect of seed sources and seed treatment the highest total number of tiller/hill, number of effective tiller/hill, number of filled grain/hill, grain yield/plot was recorded in S₂ x T₄ while the min. was recorded in S₁ x T₁. Grain yield was increased by 44.39% in washed sorted out clean seed plots.

Keywords: Seed sources, Disease incidence, Severity, Rice seeds

Location: Field Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2008

End Date: 00-12-2008

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

1. To determine disease incidence and severity of T. aman rice seed in Bangladesh under different seed treatments.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The experiment was conducted in the field laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, angladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh in the year of 2008. Soil type: The soil of the experimental plots was sandy loam in texture belongs to Sonatola soil series under Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain. The morphological description of the field according to UNDP and FAO is: Agro-ecological zone: Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain (No. 9), Land type: Medium high land, General soil type: Non-calcarius Dark Grey Floodplain, Topograph: 18 m above the mean soil. Seed sources and Selection of variety: S₁- BADC Seed, S₂- Farmer’s Seed and BRRI Dhan 40 ware used in this study. Treatments: Different seed treatments viz. T₁ - Control, T₂ - sorted out clean seed, T₃ - washed seed, T₄ - washed sorted out clean seed, T₅ - seed treatment with garlic extract (1:10), T₆ - seed treatment with vitavax-200 (0.3%), T₇ - seed treatment with BAU-Biofungicide (2%), T₈ - seed treatment with brine solution (10% Nacl), T₉ - Seed treatment with urea solution (2%) were used. Layout and Design: The experiment was laid out in two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications where each plot size was 10 m2. Raising of seedlings: The seedlings were raised in seed beds. Seed bed was divided into two halves; one half was used for farmer seed and the other for BADC seed. The seed beds were prepared by puddling the wet land with repeated ploughing followed by laddering. Seeds (500 g) were taken from each sample. The seeds were subjected to treatment as per plan before soaked in water for about 48 hours and sprouted for 3 days under shade in moist gunny bags. The sprouted seeds were then broadcasted uniformly on the well prepared seed bed and then covered with a thin layer of fine soil. Land preparation: The experimental field was thoroughly prepared by ploughing and cross ploughing with power tiller followed by laddering. Fertilizer application: The following doses of fertilizers applied as per recommendation of BRRI. Urea 130 kg/ha, TSP 600 kg/ha, MP 60 kg/ha, Gypsum 30 kg/ha, Zinc Sulphate 5 kg/ha. ll fertilizers except urea were incorporated to the soil during final land preparation. Urea was applied in equal three installments at 21, 45 and 70 days after transplanting (DAT). Transplanting: Thirty day old seedlings were uprooted and transplanted in the field at the rate of three seedlings per hill. Hill to hill and row to row distances were 20 cm and 20 cm, respectively. Fertilizer application, irrigation and pest control were same in all plots under study. Disease incidence: The diagonal line pattern sampling was used for recording disease incidence in field. Ten hills per line from each of treatment seed plot were randomly selected. Incidence of leaf diseases viz. leaf blast, brown spot, narrow brown leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight and leaf scald was recorded at tillering and full maturing stages and expressed as percentage of leaf infection. Incidence (%) of sheath blight, sheath rot and stem rot was recorded based on the number of tiller infection and expressed as percentage. Disease incidence (%) = {(Number of infected plant ÷ Total number of plant) × 100}. Disease severity: Leaf area diseased (LAD) was recorded at two growth stages of plant viz. tillering, and mature stage. Four leaves from top of the plants were considered for the grading the severity of disease on standing plants. Ten plants in each plot were randomly selected for recording the disease severity and the selected plants were tagged. The severity of four diseases viz. brown spot, narrow brown spot, sheath blight and sheath rot were recorded following IRRI recommended grading scale, Standard Evaluation System for Rice.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 7 (2): 23-27, 2013; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Farmers can use BADC seed and washed sorted out clean seed for low disease incidence, severity and better yield. This practice is environment friendly and help in avoiding the use of costly chemicals.

Knowledge Management: Journal