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Effect of Water Stress and N-p Fertilizer Application on Agronomic Parameters of Wheat

S. M. F. Rabbi
Department of Soil, Water and Environment. Dhaka University. Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh

T. H. Khan
Department of Soil, Water and Environment. Dhaka University. Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh

A. H. Khan
Department of Soil, Water and Environment. Dhaka University. Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh

S. Hoque
Department of Soil, Water and Environment. Dhaka University. Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was performed to assess the effect of water stress and N-P fertilizer application on agronomic parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Treatments were: no water stress, water stress at tillering stage and water stress flowering stage. Two rates of N and P fertilizers (100 and 150% of the recommended dose) were applied. Water stress significantly decreased the panicle number, shoot dry matter, grain yield, root dry weight and root density. Evapotranspiration, water use efficiency and crop growth rate were also significantly decreased under water stress condition, Higher N-P fertilizer application produced positive impact on agronomic parameters of wheat.

Keywords: Wheat, N-P fertilizer, Water stress

Location: Department of Soil, Water and Environment. Dhaka University. Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat, Fertilizer

Objectives:

To assess the effect of water stress and N-P fertilizer application on agronomic parameters of wheat.

Methodology:

Soils of Chandina series (Loamy, Mixed, non-acid Aerie Haplaquept) was collected from 0-15 cm depth in a composite manner. Five kg of air-dried (passed through 5 mm sieve) soil was taken into each of 25 x 25 cm earthen pot. Field capacity and wilting point (water content at 33 kPa and 1500 kPa suction. respectively) of soil were determined using pressure plate apparatus. Fertilizer treatments were 100% and 150% of the recommended doses of N and P. The treatments were 110 (Nl).and 165 (N2) kg ha^-1, and 39 (PI) and 58.5 (P2) kg P ha^-1. Recommended doses of K, Sand Zn were also added to all pots. The water treatments were M 1 (no water stress. always at field capacity from emergence to harvest). M2 (water stress at tillering stage for continuous 12 days and then re- watered to keep at field capacity till har- vest) and M3 (water stress imposed at flowering for continuous 12 days and then re-watered to keep at field capacity till harvest). During the water stress condition water content. however. was not allowed to drop below wilting point. Wheat seeds (Var. Kanchan) were sown and after emergence 5 seedlings were kept in each pot. Water treatments were maintained by weighing the pots at every alternate day. The weight loss was compensated by adding water to maintain 100% of field capacity (water contents of 30%). During stress periods no water was added but weights of the pots were taken every day. When the water content dropped around wilting point (water contents of 10%), water was added to bring the water level up-to. 12%. Plant samples were collected after each water stress treatment. Root samples were collected only at tillering and flowering stages. Harvest index of wheat was calculated by using the formula % Harvest index (HI) = (seed yield/ biological yield) x 100 Crop growth rate (CGR) was calculated by using the formula CGR = W₂-W₁/SA(t_l-t₂) Where. W_I and W₂ are weights of shoot dry matter at time t₁ , and t₂. respectively and As = surface area of the soil. ET = [{(WI-W2)A} x l0] /N Where W_I and W₂ = initial and final wt. (g). A = area of the pot (ems), N = time (day) interval. yield response index (YRI) yield under stress condition YRI = x 100 yield under non-stress condition Root density was calculated by the formula described Root density = root dry matter I volume of the soil Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated as Dry matter production WUE = water used in ET.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil. Sci. 26: 113 - 120, 2000 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present experiment high N increased root density (mg cm-3) which could explain why ET increased at higher N dose even under stressed condition. Higher N application increased total water use of wheat plants. Nitrogen rate increased WUE by an average of 56%. Nitrogen increased water use efficiency and ET due to its effect on leaf area of plants. Higher Leaf area was produced when N fertilizer was added.

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