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Supplemental Irrigation for 'sinashail' Rice Cultivation at Two Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh

A.A. Sarkar
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

A.A. Hassan
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

M.H. Ali and N.N. Karim
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

N.N. Karim
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Split-plot design field experiments were conducted In two consecutive years (1993 and 1994) on BINASHAIL, a transplanted am an rice to assess the need and amount of supplemental Irrigation for its cultivation at two agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh (Mymensingh and Rangpur). Three main-plot treatments were Imposed vlz. rainfed (control), rainfed with supplemental irrigation to maintain the plots at saturation, and rainfed with supplemental irrigation to maintain a continuous 3-5 cm standing water In the plots, thereby referred to as To, T₁ and T₂, respectively. In sub-plots, two rice varieties, 'BINASHAIL' and 'BR- 22' (as check) were used. Tile results revealed that supplemental Irrigation did not have any significant effect on the grain and straw yield of rice. But a significant varietal yield difference was found at Mymensingh in 1993 where variety 'BR-22' produced significantly Increased grain and straw yield with supplemental Irrigation upto saturation. In most of the cases, highest harvest index was obtained with continuous standing water, whereas, water use efficiency was always highest under rainfed condition. However, supplemental Irrigation did not show any significant effect on 'BINASHAIL' so, it may be grown successfully under rainfed condition during monsoon period.

Keywords: 'BINASHAIL', T. aman rice, Supplemental irrigation, Agro-ecologlcal zone, Rainfed

Location: Mymensingh, Rangpur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Supplemental irrigation, Rice

Objectives:

To assess the need and amount of supplemental Irrigation for its cultivation at two agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh

Methodology:

The soils of the experimental sites belong to the north eastern barind tract at Rangpur and the old Brahmaputra flood plain soil at Mymensingh area. Texturally the experimental field soils of the respective locations were silt-loam and sandy-loam. The bulk density of the experimental soils ranged from 1.42 to 1.52 gm cm^-3 at Mymensingh and from 1.38 to 1.48 gm .cm^-3 at Rangpur. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with two rice varieties; 'BINASHAIL and BR-22' . Irrigation treatments were applied in main plots (5 x 6 m) and the varieties in sub-plots (5 x 3 m). The whole experiment was replicated four times. The replicates and main plots were separated from each other by maintaining 1.0 m and 0.5 m wide buffer zones, respectively. A small buffer zone was also left between each two sub- plots. T_o = Rainfed (control) - depth of water of water allowed to stand upto 10 cm from rainfall and no supplemental irrigation. T₁ = Rainfed - depth of water allowed to stand upto 10 cm from rainfall and supplemental irrigation after full disappearance to maintain saturation. T ₂ = Rainfed - depth of water allowed to stand upto 10 cm from rainfall and then supplemental irrigation to maintain 3-5 cm continuous standing water.

Sub-plot treatments were: V₁ = BINASHAIL V₂ = BR-22 (check)

After proper land preparation 30 to 35 days old rice seedlings were transplanted in between 10 to 15th of August in both the locations in each year. Initially, about 2-3 weeks period was allowed for crop establishment and then the irrigation treatments were followed. During the whole experimental period, all the intercultural operations such as weeding, application of insecticide and pesticide etc. were done as and when necessary. Finally on maturity, the check variety was harvested at10 to 15th of December in both the locations in each year. It is to be noted that 'BINASHAIL' was harvested at 10 to 15 days earlier than BR-22' in all the cases. A graduated scale was inserted into the soil and water depth decreased in treatment plots was measured once or twice in a week or sometimes on daily basis throughout the irrigation period. The water balance model for rice field is expressed as (weta et al., 1988): LH = (I-D) + R - ET - P " (1) where, inputs I and R are the irrigation and rainfall, and outputs are evapotranspiration, ET, surface outflow, D (drainage) and percolation, P. The water loss Iron the treatment plots visualized in the graduated scale was actually due to the evapo-transpiration and percolation, which is an important factor of water requirement of rice crop (wata et aI., 1988). Thus, the decreased water depth in the treatment plots was supplemented by the irrigation water or by effective rainfall. Therefore, the water requirement for rice was calculated as:

WR = I + R_elloclive -----(2)

where, I is the supplemental irrigation applied to maintain the desired depth of water in the treatment plots. R_elloclive was considered as the amount of rainfall which was actually held in the treatment plots and the excess rainfall was allowed to drain out. Drainage 'was ignored as the fixed depth of water was stored in the treatment plots and any possibilities of minor leakage from the treatment plots that might have occurred was overlooked as it could not be measured. Harvest index and water use efficiency were then calculated using the following formulae: HI = GYfTDM " " (3) WUE = GYNVR ........(3)WUE=GY/WR......(4) where, HI is the harvest index, GY is the grain yield (t ha^-1), TOM is the total dry matter production (grain plus straw yield, l ha^-1), WUE is the water use efficiency (t ha^-1. cm ") and WR is the total water requirement (cm) over the entire growing season.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 29(1): 95-100, January, 2002

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Whereas, experimentally it is proved that' BINASHAIL', the newly developed T. aman rice variety has the characteristics to withstand the challenges of any adverse condition of water scarcity and does not need any supplemental irrigation for its optimum yield. Therefore, considering all the above. facts, it can be concluded that BINASHAIL' is a promising T. aman rice variety that can be widely cultivated and adopted by the poor farmers as a low input rice crop.

Knowledge Management: Journal