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Effects of Aflatoxin B1 on Growth and Bio-accumulation in Common Carp Fingerling in Bangladesh

Ayasha Akter
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Matiur Rahman
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka.

Mahmud Hasan
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of the levels of aflatoxin B1 (0, 50 & 100 ppb) for 15 and 30 day culture durations have been investigated in common carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerling in indoor plastic tanks. No mortality was observed in any of the treatments. Significant differences were found in 100 ppb treatment group in all three growth parameters, i.e., total weight gain (WG, g), average daily weight gain (ADG, g d^-1) and specific growth rate (SGR, % d^-1) compared to those of control and 50 ppb treatment groups. The 100 ppb treatment group had, respectively, 2.25-, and 2.23-folds higher FCR (%) than did the control and 50 ppb treatment groups. Both body muscle and liver in 100 ppb treatment group had significantly higher concentration of aflatoxin B1 (AFB) residues of than in the 50 ppb treatment. Control did not have any residue. However, in both sampling durations, residue in the body muscle and liver had declining trends. The results of this study suggest that the level of contamination by 50 & 100 ppb aflatoxin B1 in the feed of advanced common carp fingerlings may affect growth and concentrates in the body muscle and liver at a level of above human health hazards. Any feeds with even 50 ppb AFB should not be used as feed for raising food fishes.

Keywords: Aflatoxin, Bio-accumulation, Carp

Location: Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of 50 and 100 ppb aflatoxin B1 contamination in the feeds of common carp fingerlings feeding for 15 and 30 days periods.

Methodology:

Advanced fingerlings (13.46 ± 2.98 g, 8.97 ± 4.05 cm) of common crap, locally called carpu used as the experimental fish were obtained from a nursery of Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The fingerlings were conditioned in flow-through-tank system for three day periods and fasted to evacuate their previous gut contents. The fingerlings were reared in the plastic tanks (750 L). Pond water was used as the culture medium which changed at five days’ interval. Air blower (12 watts) was used for aeration. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated by the commercial carp feed producer, Aftab cramble carp feed- AFB. Aflatoxin B1 was diluted with methanol and sprayed over feed into three levels such as ‘0’ ppb as control, 50 and 100 ppb levels as diet 1 and 2. After 24 h, the feeds were dried in fume hood until the moisture content was lowered than 10 per cent. The dry feeds were packed using two layers of black plastic bags and stored in desiccators until used. In every step of formulating the feed, strict precautionary measures were maintained. The composition and nutrient content of the diets were analysed. A 3x2 factorial design was used with three replicates following completely randomised design (CRD) method. The experimental variables were the diets formulated with three levels (‘0’ as control, 50 and 100 ppb) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB) and two sampling durations (15 and 30 days). The indicator variables were survival rate (%), total weight gain (WG, g), average daily weight gain (ADG, g d^-1), specific growth rate (SGR, % d^-1), feed conversion ratio (FCR, %), concentration (ppb) of aflatoxin B1 in fish body muscle and liver. All percent data were transformed into square before statistical analysis. Survey data were presented as range using descriptive statistics. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between concentration and control with HSD post hoc for multiple comparisons. Effects of sampling durations were tested using t-test. Statistical software spss version 11.5 was used to analyse the data with the level of significance at p<0.05.

Source of Information: Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, Vol. XX, No. 2, December 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of this study have demonstrated that common carp fingerling’s growth is significantly affected by aflatoxin B1. The metabolites of aflatoxin B1 can easily accumulate in the edible body and liver, which might be contaminated to human body through biological magnification via food chain. Growth of common carp fingerling may be severely affected if the feeds are contaminated with aflatoxin B1 as high as 100 ppb. Dried ingredients and good drying and proper storage of feed and awareness of both farmer and consumer could prevent contamination.

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