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Influence of N and P Fertilizer Application on Root Growth, Leaf Photosynthesis and Yield Performance of Groundnut

M. ALTAB HOSSAIN
Principal Scientific Officer
OFRD, Shyampur, Rajshahi

A. HAMID
Professor
Deptt. of Agronomy, BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were carried out at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2000-2002 to evaluate the effect of N and P application on the root growth, leaf photosynthesis and yield of groundnut (var. Basantibadam). Four levels of N (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N/ha) and four levels of P (0, 13, 26 and 39 kg P/ha) were the treatment variables. The trial was set up in a randomized complete block design under factorial arrangement with three replications. Application of N and P fertilizer exerted significant effects on root development, photosynthesis, yield contributing characters and pod yield of the crop. Plant receiving 60 kg N and 39 kg P/ha had larger root system, greater photosynthetic rate and better yield contributing characters that resulted in the maximum pod yield which, however, was not significantly different from N₆₀P₂₆ treatment. Hence, it is recommended that higher yield of Basantibadam can be obtained from N₆₀P₂₆ kg/ha in salna silty clay loam soil of Madhupur tract (AEZ 28) of Bangladesh.

Keywords: N and P application, Root growth, Leaf photosynthesis, Groundnut

Location: BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-01-2000

End Date: 30-06-2002

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To assess the effect of N and P fertilization on the ramification of the root system, leaf photosynthesis and the yield of groundnut.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during 2000-2002. The texture of the experimental soil was sity clay loam belonging to Salna series under AEZ-28. The soil is slightly acidic in reaction (pH 6.1) with 1.7% organic matter, 0.06% total N, 8.04 ppm available P, 0.19 c mol kg^-1 exchangeable K and 7.02 ppm available S. Bulk density was low in the upper 0- 10 cm depth (1.3 g cm^-3) and it tended to increase (1.4 to 1.5 g cm^-3) with increasing depth (10-20 to 30-40 cm). Four levels of nitrogen (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N/ha) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 13, 26, and 39 kg P/ha) fertilizers constituted the experimental variable. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under factorial arrangement with three replications. The unit plot size was 4.5m × 3.2m. Fertilizer at the rate of 42kg K₂O and 30 kg S/ha were applied in the form of muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. Nitrogen from urea and P from triple superphosphate were applied to the field as per treatment. Seeds of groundnut (var. Basantibadam) were sown at 15 cm spacing in 40 cm apart rows on 04 February in 2000 and 31 January in 2001. Irrigation was done as and when required. Malathion was sprayed two times at 40 and 70 days after emergence (DAE) to control caterpillar. Bavisteen at the rate of 2 g/ litre of water was sprayed three times at an interval of 25 days starting from 30 DAE as a preventive measure of Tikka (Cercospora personata) disease. Yield contributing characters were also recorded. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used for mean separation.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 369-374, September 2007, ISSN 0258 - 7122,

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results revealed that N and P deficiency in groundnut resulted in poor root development and ultimately reduced yield. Therefore, application of N and P fertilizer offers a large scope for obtaining higher yield of groundnut. It appears that good yield of Basantibadam can be harvested at N₆₀P₂₆ kg/ha in silty clay loam soil of Salna area (AEZ 28) of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal