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Factors Influencing Conception Rate of Local and Crossbred Cows in Bangladesh

Abdul Gaffar Miah
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Dinajpur Govt. Veterinary College, Basherhat, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Ummay Salam
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Dinajpur Govt. Veterinary College, Basherhat, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

M.M. Hossain
Animal Health and Nutrition Division, Eskayef Bangladesh Ltd. Gulshan, Dhaka Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted for a period of 1.5 years at District Artificial Insemination Centre, Sylhet, Bangladesh to evaluate the effects of genetic and environmental factors on conception rate with 983 cows of seven genotypes. The experimental animals were within zero to 5^th parity and they were inseminated artificially through using the semen from different bulls of four genotypes. The overall feeding and management of the animals was almost similarly kept by the farmers. From this study, it was observed that conception rate of the cows were significantly affected by time of insemination (P<0.01), season of insemination (P<0.05) and their interaction (time of insemination × season of insemination). On the contrary, there were no significant (P>0.05) effects on conception rate by genotypes of cows, genotypes of bulls, parity of cows and interaction effect of cows genotypes and bull genotypes. The highest conception rate was observed in the cows which were Indigenous local cows (46.14%) of second parity, and which were inseminated by Local × Holstein Friesian bull (44.43%) at 11-14 h after onset of estrus (60.26%) in spring season (53.07%). It was concluded that the factors, time of insemination and season of insemination might be the most important factors to get maximum conception rate of the cows. So, it may be suggested for the farmers that to achieve the desire rate of conception, they should inseminated their cows in Spring season and during the time 11–14 h after onset of estrus.

Keywords: Cow, Conception rate, Artificial Insemination

Location: District Artificial Insemination Center, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2001

End Date: 00-05-2003

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of genetic, environmental and their interactions affecting conception rate in cattle.

To recommend an optimum approach for achieving maximumconception rate in cattle.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at District Artificial Insemination Center, Sylhet, Bangladesh for a period of January 2001 to June 2003 with 734 cows and 249 heifers of seven different genotypes. The animals were of 3 to 12 years aged and within zero to fifth parity. The age and parity were recorded according to their own statement and also using by dental formulae. Most of the animals were indigenous Zebu type and besides these the crossbreds Local × Holstein Friesian (F₁), Local × Holstein Friesian (F₂), Local × Sindhi, Local × Shahiwal, Local × Sindhi × Holstein Friesian and Local × Shahiwal × Holstein Friesian were available under the experiment. The overall feeding and management of the animals was almost similar and these are kept by the farmers with stall feeding and grazing. The animals were fed mainly rice straw as a staple feed with seasonal green grass depending on the availability. Wheat bran, oil cake, rice polish etc. were supplied as concentrate feed to the cows on optional basis. The care and management of the bulls with proper housing, treatment and nourishment were maintained to get better quality of semen in Central Cattle Breeding Station (CCBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh; from there required semen were delivered to the different artificial insemination (AI) center to upgrade the indigenous local cows through artificial insemination. In CCBS, the semen was collected from the different genotypes (Holstein Friesian, Local × Holstein Friesian, Local × Shahiwal & Shahiwal × Holstein Friesian) of the bulls twice in a week by means of artificial vagina (AV) and collected semen was examined routinely (Settergren, 1983) for a) Volume and microscopic examination and b) Motility of spermatozoa; showing at least 65% motility. P^H of the collected semen were examined; ranged from 6.5 to 6.7. Sperm concentration of each ejaculate was measured by Direct Cell Count method (Elliot, 1978). After necessary examination, semen was processed Salisbury et al. (1978). The diluted semen was packed as a straw (0.25 mL) and preserved in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) and then delivered to different AI centers. When the farmers brought their animals to the AI center, the reproductive status and estrus condition of the animals were checked and determined by observing the clinical signs and if it is necessary, by using vaginal speculum for examining the condition of cervix. Artificial insemination was done after a variable period of signs of estrus, ranging from 8 h to 24 h, by trained AI technician with thawed semen straw. To determine the first service per conception rate, the pregnancy diagnosis was done between 60 to 90 days after insemination by rectal palpation (Ball, 1980) at the farmer’s house. Then first service conception rate for particular group was determined by the number of heifers or cows given first service multiplied by 100.

Conception rate % = (number of pregant cows/Total number of cowsinse minated) x100

To determine the conception rate of the animals, the parameters (genotype of cows, parity of cows, genotype of bulls, time of insemination during estrus, season of insemination and their interaction) were studied and data on the various variable were analyzed under the least squares procedure by the computer programs.

Source of Information: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY 1560–8530/2004/06–5–797–801

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 50,000

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was concluded that the factors, time of insemination and season of insemination might be the most important factors to get maximum conception rate of the cows. So, it may be suggested for the farmers that to achieve the desire rate of conception, they should inseminated their cows in Spring season and during the time 11–14 h after onset of estrus.

Knowledge Management: Journal