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Responses of Gibberelic Acid (ga3) on Growth and Yield of Cowpea Cv. BARI Falon-1 (vigna Unguiculata L.)

A. J. M. N. Nabi
Accelerating Agricultural Productivity Improvement (AAPI),International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Bangladesh

M. M. Hasan
Department of Crop Botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali

M. S. Alam
Department of Biochemistry,Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali

M. S. Islam
Accelerating Agricultural Productivity Improvement (AAPI),International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rahmatpur, Barisal

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out at the research farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) during the period from November 2010 to April 2011 to study on growth and yield performance of cowpea cv. BARI Falon-1 under different treatment of GA₃ as foliar spray to investigate the responses and most optimum level of gibberelic acid regarding growth and yield of Falon that are suitable to cultivate in coastal region of Bangladesh. Among the GA₃ treatments, 33.33 ppm GA₃ produced significantly the tallest plant (61.07 cm), maximum leaves and branches plant–1 (28.50 and 19.73, respectively), higher LAI (1.10) and higher TDM plant^–1 (81.95 g) comparatively than that of other GA₃ levels while control had lower on the above characters. Growth characters such as CGR, RGR and NAR had also higher (0.99 and 1.65 gm^–2 day^-1 for CGR, 0.43 and 0.72 gm^–2 day^-1 for RGR and 0.027 and 1.275 mg cm² day^-1 for NAR) in 33.33 ppm GA₃ at the stage between 30 to 60 DAS and 60 to 90 DAS, respectively Yield contributing characters Among other observation of yield and yield contributing characters, 33.33 ppm GA₃ further registered the maximum pods plant^–1 (11.50), longest pod (17.05 cm), higher weight fresh (3.78 g) and dry pod (1.99 g), higher weight of 100–seed (12.25), seed yield (18.57 g plant^–1 and 2986.72 kg ha^–1) and higher HI (22.45%). These results also showed that GA₃ up to 33.33 ppm signifciantly developmend morpho–physiological, growth, yield and yield contributing characters and thereafter all the data decreased due to its destructive effect of higher GA₃ levels. So, considering the above observation it could be suggested that GA₃ @ 33.3 ppm would be appropriate doses of GA₃ for obtaining the better produciton of BARI Falon-1 under resion.

Keywords: Cowpea, GA3, Growth, Yield

Location: The research farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU)

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Cowpea

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effect of various concentrations of GA₃ on growth and yield of Cowpea and to find out the most appropriate doses of GA₃.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of PSTU during the period from November 2010 to April 2011. Geographycally, the research farm is located at 22⁰37' N latitude and 89⁰10' E longitudes. The area is named as Gangetic Tidal Floodplains and falls under Agroecological Zone “AEZ- 13”. The area lies at 1.5 metre above mean sea level. The soil of the experimental field was silty caly loam having pH value of 7.00. The organic matter content found 1.53% in most cases. Deficiency of nitrogen is acute and widespread. Status of exchangeable potasium is almost satisfactory. Phosphorus, sulphur and other characterstics of soil status are also optum for its cultivation. Climatic conditions are also favourable for its cultivation. The variety cv. BARI Falon-1 was used as planting materails and five different levels of Gibberelic Acid (GA₃) including control were applied as treatment viz. T₀ = Control (without GA₃), T₁ = 25 ppm, T₂ = 33.3 ppm (recommended dose by Yon Longping high-tech. Agriculture Company Ltd.), T₃ = 50 ppm and T₄ = 100 ppm. A 100 ppm solution of GA₃ was prepared by dissolving 100 mg of GA₃ in 1 L of distilled water. The distilled water was added to make the volume 1 liter to get 100 ppm solution which was used as treatment T₄. Similarly another volume (T₁, T₂ and T₃) of GA₃ was prepared. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The size of each unit plot was 2.0 m × 2.0 m where line to line and seed to seed distances were 30 and 15 cm, respectively, in each plot. The land of the experimental site was first opened on December 20, 2010 with a tractor and then the land was ploughed and cross-ploughed to obtain good tilth. All the weeds and stubbles were removed from the experimental field. The soil was treated with insecticides at the time of final ploughing. Insecticides Furadan 5G was used @ 8 kg ha^-1 to protect young plants from the attack of mole cricket, ants, and cutworms. Fertilizers such as urea @ 8 kg, TSP @ 6 g and MoP 20 g were applied for each plot during final plot preparation. The seeds of Falon (cowpea) were sown in the research field on January 3, 2011. The distances between row to row and seed to seeds were 40 and 15 cm, respectively. Matured and viable 2 seeds were placed in each hole at 2-3 cm depth from the soil surface. Thinning out, gap filling, weeding, irrigation and disease and pest management operation were also done as intercultural operation for maximizing the yield. Continuous monotoring of growing seedlings and GA₃ spraying was also done as per treatment. The first crop sampling was done on 30 days after sowing (DAS) and it was continued up to physiological maturiety on 90 DAS at an interval of 30 days. Harvesting of the cowpea was done after 110 days of sowing. Data were collected when the foliage turned pale yellow. Data were recorded for 5 individual plants per plots in each replication. Yield data were also collected after harvest. The plants were separated into leaf, stem and roots and then their dry weight were recorded after drying them in an oven at 80±2^OC for 72 hours. The data obtained from the experiment on various parameters were statistically analyzed by MSTAT-C computer program and the mean were adjusted by DMRT where at 5 % levels of probability.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 7-12, 2014; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was concluded that the foliar spray at 33.3 ppm GA₃had higly effective and more significant due to its advantageous effect on morpho–physiological growth and yield of cowpea which ensure the greater yield of cowpea.

Knowledge Management: Journal