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Antibiotic and Herbal Sensitivity of Some Aeromonas Sp. Isolates Collected from Diseased Carp Fishes

M. M. Rahman
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal Universityof Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh

M. N. Hossain
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal Universityof Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Studies were conducted to identify Aeromonas sp. isolates collected from disease affected carp fishes (Cyprinus carpio and Labeo rohita), their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and sensitivity to 121 herb extracts. A total of 19 Aeromonas sp. isolates were identified from a total of 84 different isolates through a series of physiological, morphological and biochemical tests. Seven antibiotics viz., streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, sulphamethoxazole, cephradine, oxytetracycline and gentamycin were tested by disc diffusion method where all of the Aeromonas sp. isolates were found sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamycin. But, 78.95% of the isolates were found resistant to oxytetracycline. In addition, 5%, 11%, and 16% isolates exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, cephradine and sulphamethoxazole, respectively. Twenty one percent of the isolates showed multiple resistance to the antibiotics. A total of 121 herb extracts were evaluated for their sensitivity to the fish pathogenic Aeromonas sp. isolates. Among these, 23 herbs were found to possess antimicrobial activity. Leaf extracts of Eugenia caryophyllus, Spondias pinnata and Terminalia chebula were found to inhibit the growth of all the Aeromonas sp. isolates. In this study, multiple antibiotic resistant isolates were also found to be sensitive to several herb extracts. Thus, herbal treatment would promise a greater viable solution for effective treatment of fish disease.

Keywords: Aeromonas sp., Antibiotic sensitivity, Herb extract, Herbal sensitivity

Location: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

Start Date: 00-11-2009

End Date: 00-02-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To identify the Aeromonas sp. isolates collected from diseased fish
To investigate the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates
To screen sensitivity of the microorganisms to different herb extracts.

Methodology:

Bacteria were isolated from lesions and kidneys of disease infected rohu (Labeo rohita) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). These fishes were collected from Pabna and Sylhet districts during November 2009 to February 2010. External hemorrhagic lesions on the skin and underlying muscular tissue were observed in the diseased rohu and hemorrhagic lesions with loss of scale were found in the disease infected common carp. Isolation of bacteria from the diseased fishes was carried out aseptically on nutrient agar (NA) media. The agar plates were incubated at 25^oC for 36-48 hours. Individual colonies were separated from the plates on the basis of color, shape and size and sub-cultured on the relevant media to obtain pure culture. Then suspected Aeromonad isolates were subcultured on Aeromonas-selective agar media supplemented with ampicillin antibiotic. A series of morphological, physiological and biochemical tests were performed to characterize the suspected Aeromonad isolates grown on Aeromonas-selective agar media. A presumptive identification was performed by Gram staining, motility, oxidase activity, catalase production, acid production from glucose, oxidation-fermentation (OF) test and resistance to vibriostatic agent 0/129 tests for determination of biochemical characteristics of the bacteria. Sensitivity of the Aeromonas sp. isolates to different commercial antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Briefly, individual isolates were cultured into nutrient agar broth and incubated at 25°C for 12 hours. Fifty micro liter of individual broth culture was dropped on the NA plate with micropipette. The broth on the plate was spread aseptically by a sterile ‘L’ shaped glass rod. Seven commercially prepared antibiotics discs viz., streptomycin (10 μg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 μg/disc), sulphamethoxazole (25 μg/disc), erythromycin (15 μg/disc), oxytetracycline (30 μg/disc) and cephradine (30 μg/disc) manufactured by Oxoid Ltd. and gentamycin (10 μg/disc) manufactured by Becton Disc kinson & company were placed on the surface of the medium with sterile forceps and pressed gently to ensure good contact with the surface of the medium. The plates were then incubated at 25°C for 24 h. After incubation the organism was considered resistant if there was no zone of inhibition surrounding the disc and marked as R. When there was zone of complete inhibition around the disc the organism was considered sensitive. Then the diameter of the discs and the diameter of the zone of inhibitions were measured by measuring scale. A total of 121 herb extracts from 118 plants were randomly selected in this study to screen their sensitivity to the Aeromonas sp. isolates. Most of the herbs were collected from a nursery of Adamdighi, Bogra and different parts of Sylhet district.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 117–129, 2010 ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16758

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Medicinal plants are important elements of traditional medicine in virtually all cultures and promise a cheaper source for therapeutics. Herb extracts are natural product, available, cheap and safe for the environment. The present study revealed that some medicinal plants possess potential antimicrobial activity against fish pathogenic, antibiotic resistant Aeromonads. Valuable drug could be developed from some herbs for the treatment of Aeromonas-associated fish diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal