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Effects of Plant Extracts on Controlling Seed Borne Fungi of Okra (abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

S. K. Saha
Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation

M. A. R. Khokon
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. M. Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted using farmer’s okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) seeds in Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to determine the efficacy of plant extracts (garlic, allmanda, neem, ginger and biskathali extracts) and vigour index of seedling for controlling the seed-borne fungal diseases of okra. In the laboratory experiment, the prevalence of seed-borne fungi associated with farmer’s okra seed investigated by blotter method. The identified fungi species in the collected seeds were Colletotrichum dematium, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. The test seed materials were treated with garlic tablet, allmanda tablet @ 1:1 and 2:1 w/v and neem extract, ginger extract and biskathali extract @ 1:1 and 1:2 w/v for each to control pathogens with control treatment. The significantly highest germination (62.5%) and lowest incidence of pathogen (5.25%) were recorded in garlic tablet @ 2:1 w/v treated seeds. The okra seeds treated by garlic tablet @ 2:1 w/v was also showed the higher vigour index (545.60%) compare to untreated seed (423.40%).

Keywords: Fungi, Germination, Okra, Plant extracts

Location: Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Okra

Objectives:

1. To study the prevalence of seed borne fungi on farmer’s okra seeds and to evaluate the efficacy of different plant extracts for controlling these seed borne fungi.

Methodology:

Seed health test: The farmer’s okra Seeds were collected from farmers of coastal area of Bauphal Upazilla, Patuakhali district. The seed samples were tested by standard blotter method in Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Plant extracts Garlic and allamanda tablet were collected from Integrated Plant Management laboratory of BAU, Mymensingh. Neem, ginger and biskathali were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University farm area, Mymensingh. Seed treatment: Seed samples were treated followed by dipping method. One hundred seeds were dipped into garlic and allamanda tablet suspension @ 2:1, 1:1 as well as of neem, bishkatali and ginger extracts @ 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions for 30 minutes. The treated seeds were examined followed by the standard blotter method. Experimental design and treatments: The experiment was designed by Completely Randomized Designed having four replications and the following treatments T_o = Control (Vitavax-200) (0.25g/100g seed) - no plant extract treatment, T₁ = Garlic tablet (2:1) [w/v= weight/volume], T₂= Garlic tablet (1:1) w/v, T₃ = Allamanda tablet (2:1) w/v, T₄ = Allamanda tablet (1:1) w/v, T₅ = Neem leaf extract (1:1) w/v, T₆= Neem leaf extract (1:2) w/v, T₇= Bishkatali leaf extract (1:1) w/v, T₈= Bishkatali leaf extract (1:2) w/v, T₉= Zinger rhizome extract (1:1) w/v, T₁₀= Zinger rhizome extract (1:2) w/v. Seed sowing and rising of seedling: The seeds were sown @ 50 seeds per tray (1.5×1ft2) in five rows at 2-3 cm depth. Plants were watered whenever necessary. Vigour test of okra seeds: Vigour test was carried out in the net house of Seed Pathology Centre followed by seed sowing in sand. After 8 days of sowing, length of shoot was measured from the base of the stem up to the growing point of the youngest leaf. Similarly, length of the root was measured from the starting point of root to the largest available lateral root apex. Shoot and roots were separated from the seedlings. Seedling vigour was determined by the following formula: Vigour Index = (Mean of root length + Mean of shoot length) × Seed germination (%). Statistical analysis: The collected data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean differences among the treatments were compared by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). A statistical computer package MSTATC was used for analyzing the data. The data were transformed whenever necessary.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 85-88, 2014; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that seed separation with naked eye will help to get more apparently healthy seeds. It is also revealed from this experiment that garlic tablet, allamanda tablet or neem leaf extract can be recommended for okra seed treatment for getting higher germination and healthy seedling that will eventually produce more fruit.

Knowledge Management: Journal