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Pb and Cr Toxicity Tolerance of Jute, Kenafand Mesta at Germination Stage for Phytoremediation

M.U. Nizam
Associate Professor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry BAU, Mymensingh to study the Pb and Cr tolerance of jute (Corchorus capsularis L. cv. BJC-7370 and cv. E-3), kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus L. cv. HC-95 and HC-3) and mesta (Hibiscus sabdarifa L. cv. Samu-93) at germination stage. The results revealed that increased level of Cr significantly reduced the germination percentage and primary growth parameters. In case of Pb, germination percentage and growth parameters were also decreased with the increase of Pb concentration, but the reduction was less than that of Cr toxicity. Almost all the varieties of jute, kenaf and mesta were able to germinate and tolerate up-to 100 mg L^-1Pb. But in case of Cr, kenaf and mesta were able to germinate and survive up-to 100 mg L^-1 and none of the seedlings of jute varieties were able to survive more than 60 mg L^-1Cr. From chemical analyses maximum accumulation of Pb (7.974 mg kg^-1) and Cr (6.439mg kg^-1) were found in mesta (cv. samu-93). The accumulation trend for Pb was mesta (cv. samu-93)>kenaf (cv. HC -95)>kenaf (cv.HC-3) and for Cr was mesta (cv. samu-93)>kenaf (cv.HC-3)>kenaf (cv. HC -95). The findings of the research may be helpful for growing kenaf and mesta in contaminated soil containing Pb and Cr and phytoremediation study of these elements in future.

Keywords: Jute, Kenaf, Mesta, Phytoremediation, Tolerance, Toxicity

Location: Department of Agricultural Chemistry BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-01-2011

End Date: 31-12-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

To provide the information regarding the ability of tolerance of jute, kenaf and mesta at germination stage in media containing Pb and Cr ions, their effects and contents in seedlings which helps to apply these plant species growing on contaminated soil to remediate tested heavy metals.

Methodology:

The research work was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in 2011 with a view to tolerance of jute (Corchorus capsularis L. cv. BJC-7370 and cv. CVE-3), kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus L.cv. HC-95 and HC-3) and mesta (Hibiscus sabdarifa L. cv.Samu-93) against different levels of Pb and Cr at germination stage. Trial and error; and Pb and Cr content of industrially polluted soils of different locations of Bangladesh were considered for treatment selection. The treatments were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm both for Pb and Cr. Analytical reagent grade chromium oxide (CrO₃) and lead nitrate [Pb (NO₃)₂] were used as the source of Pb and Cr. Petridish culture method was followed for germination study in contaminated medium. The procedure is briefly be mentioned as uniform textured 25 seeds of each variety of jute, kenaf and mesta were placed in each dish containing a thin layer of cotton. Before placing, to protect fungal attack the seeds were surface sterilized by dipping 95% ethanol and washed with deionized water. After placing seeds 10 ml of distilled water was added to control and 10 ml solution of each of different levels of Cr and Pb were added in each dish. Then the dishes were covered with lids and kept in the laboratory at room temperature. After three days the lids were then removed and % germination was recorded five days after completing germination (Islam and Rahman, 2008) and then seedlings were harvested and data were recorded. The root and shoot length were measured from the average value of 5 seedlings. Fresh weights were measured just after harvesting of 10 seedlings and dry weights also measured after drying at 75⁰C for 48 hrs of those seedlings. Completely randomized design (CRD) was followed for the experiments. For chemical analysis the samples were digested following procedure outlined by Singh et al. (1999) and Pb and Cr contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis were done following methods outlined by Gomez and Gomez (1984).The analysis of variance of various characters and also for the Cr and Pb contents of seedlings of different varieties were done to determine the effect of treatments, and least significant difference (LSD) tests were performed to determine the statistical significance of the differences between means of treatments with the help of computer package M-statcf.

Source of Information: J. Patuakhali Sci. and Tech. Univ. 2013, 4(1): 61-74

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The research findings showed that the varieties of kenaf (cv. HC-95 and HC-3) and mesta (Samu-93) have tolerance capability against Pb and Cr toxicity at germination stage. The seedlings of these varieties have enough potentiality to accumulate Pb and Cr. The direct concentration of any toxic element is more toxic than the presence of that element in soil medium. It is assumed that the plant species which are able to germinate in direct concentration of toxic element that will be able to germinate and grow in contaminated soil medium. Since the varieties of kenaf and mesta were able to germinate and accumulate Pb and Cr at germination stage. The varieties of kenaf and mesta would be used for the remediation of Pb and Cr from the contaminated soil. More study should be needed to identify more plant species as remediator to reduce contaminants commercially and eco- friendly to safe our environment.

Knowledge Management: Journal