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Effect of Plant Densities on Seed of Two Soybean Varieties

K.M Maksudunnabi
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Ahmed Parvez
Department of Environmental Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali

Md. Anwarul Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. H. K. Howlader
Department of Agricultural Botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from December 2005 to April 2006 to study the effect of plant density on seed yield of soybean. Two soybean varieties namely PB-1 (Shohag) and G-2 (Bangladesh soybean-4), and six plant densities namely 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 plants m^-2 were included in the study. An equidistant (square) planting pattern having spacing 22.4 cm x 22.4 cm; 15.8 cm x 15.8 cm; 12.9 cm x 12.9 cm; 11.2 cm x 11.2 cm; 10 cm x 10 cm; and 9.1 cm x 9.1 cm, respectively were used to create required plant densities. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with varieties in the main plot and plant densities in sub plots. The treatments were replicated three times. Variety showed significant influence in all characters except harvest index. Plant density had significant variation in all characters except number of nodes plant^-1. Again, the interaction of variety and plant density significantly influenced all characters except plant height, number of nodes plant^-1 and number of seeds pod^-1. Plant density of 20 plants m^-2 gave the highest number of nodes plant^-1, number of branches plant^-1, number of total pods plant^-1, number of fertile pods plant, number of seeds plant^-1, seed yield plant^-1, while the highest total dry matter, seed yield m-2(150.95 g) and stover yield m^-2 were found at 80 plants m^-2. The highest plant highest was recorded at 120 plants m^-2. Therefore, higher yield of soybean could be obtained from variety G-2 by planting the crop at a density of 80 plants m^-2.

Keywords: Plant density, Soybean, Interaction.

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-12-2005

End Date: 00-04-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

1. To observe the effect of plant densities on the seed yield of soybean.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from 3 December 2005 to 28 April 2006 including two varieties PB-1 (Shohag) and G-2 (Bangladesh Soybean-4) having six plant densities viz. 20 plants m^-2 (22.4 cm x 22.4 cm), 40 plants m-2 (15.8 cm x 15.8 cm), 60 plants m^-2 (12.9 cm x 12.9 cm), 80 plants m^-2 (11.2 cm x 11.2 cm), 100 plants m^-2 (10 cm x 10 cm) and 120 plants m^-2 (9.1 cm x 9.1 cm). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with variety in the main plot and density in the sub-plot having treatments being replicated three times. The total numbers of plots were 36 and size of each plot was (4.4 m x 2.5 m). The distances kept between replications and also between main plots were 1.0 meter and 0.5 meter, respectively. The soil was first opened with a power tiller on 22 November 2005. Four times ploughing and cross ploughing followed by laddering prepared the experimental field. The weeds and stubbles were removed to clean the field and then it was leveled properly by hand. Each unit plot was uniformly fertilized with N, P2O5, K2O, Zn and Gypsum at the rate of 50, 150, 100, 3 and 90 kg ha^-1 respectively in the form of Urea, TSP, Murate of potash, Zinc sulphate and Gypsum at the time of final land preparation. The seeds were treated with 50 g of inoculum ( Rhizobium sp.) per 1 kg seed to develop proper coating as per instruction of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. The seeds were sown on 3 December 2005 immediately after inoculation as per experimental specification. Four to five seeds were used in each hill and finally one plant was kept after final thinning. Two irrigations were given at 35 and 65 DAS to the plots. The irrigation was given when the soil moisture went down about 50% of the field capacity. Soon after emergence the soybean seedling were infested by cutworms and hairy caterpillars (Diasrisia oblique). Cutworm larvae was controlled through hand picking and hairy caterpillar was controlled by spraying Sumithion 50 EC @ 1 L ha^-1 at 65 days after sowing (DAS). The crop was harvested by hand on 8 April 2006 at full maturity (when about 95% pods become brown in color). Just before harvest the plots, ten sample plants (excluding border rows) were selected randomly from the central 3.60m2 area of each unit plot and were uprooted for recording necessary data on vegetative characters and yield attributing characters. After harvest the crop was then brought to the threshing floor and dried for three consecutive days in the sun. Then the crop was threshed by beating with sticks. The seeds were then cleaned and dried in the sun for 3-4 consecutive days. The seed yield was recorded at about 10 % moisture level basis. Plant height (cm), number of nodes plant^-1 , number of branches plant^-1, total dry matter , number of total pods plant^-1, number of fertile pods plant^-1, number of seeds plant^-1 , number of seeds pod^-1,100-seed weight (g), seed yield plant^-1 (g), seed yield m^-2 (g), stover yield m ^-2 (g), and harvest index (%) were recorded. The harvest index (%) was calculated following the formula: Harvest index (%) = {Grain yield/{Grain yield + Strover yield}]. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques and the mean difference among the treatments was adjudged with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 2 (2):23-26, 2008; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Variety showed significant influence in all characters except harvest index. Plant density had significant variation in all characters except number of nodes plant^-1. Again, the interaction of variety and plant density significantly influenced all characters except plant height, number of nodes plant^-1 and number of seeds pod^-1. Plant density of 20 plants m^-2 gave the highest number of nodes plant^-1, number of branches plant^-1, number of total pods plant^-1, number of fertile pods plant, number of seeds plant^-1, seed yield plant^-1, while the highest total dry matter, seed yield m-2(150.95 g) and stover yield m^-2 were found at 80 plants m^-2. The highest plant highest was recorded at 120 plants m^-2. Therefore, higher yield of soybean could be obtained from variety G-2 by planting the crop at a density of 80 plants m^-2.

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