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Assessment of Ground Water Quality in Selected Southern Regions of Bangladesh

M. S. Hossin
Assistant Professor
Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The chemical analyses of water samples included pH, EC, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, PO₄³^-, SO₄²^-_,CO₃²^-, HCO₃^-. The pH of ground waters was slightly alkaline in nature (7.1-7.7). The EC and SAR revealed that all ground waters were of high salinity (C₃), very high alkalinity (S₄). According to SSP, all ground waters were of unsuitable classes. Based on the RSC, all ground water samples were of suitable classes. The concentrations of Ca²⁺, SO₄²^-_, PO₄³^-, and HCO₃^- in all water samples were within the safe limit but the contents of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CO₃^2-in some water samples were problematic for irrigation indicating these ions as pollutants. Among the major ionic constituents of ground water samples, the remarkable significant correlation existed between Ca²⁺versus Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ versus Na⁺, Ca²⁺ versus K⁺, Ca²⁺ versus SO₄²^-, Ca²⁺ versus PO₄³^-, Mg²⁺ versus Na⁺, Mg²⁺ versus K⁺, Na⁺ versus K⁺, Na⁺ versus CO₃²^-, K⁺ versus SO₄²^-, K⁺ versus CO₃²^-, SO₄²^- versus PO₄³^-, and CO₃^2- versus HCO₃^-. The relationships among different quality criteria of the water samples like pH, EC, SAR, SSP, RSC were significantly correlated.

Keywords: Alkalinity, Groundwater, Irrigation, Salinity

Location:

Start Date: 01-03-2008

End Date: 31-03-2008

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

1.To evaluate the pollutants of ground water samples collected from 30 different locations in Mirzagonj upazila under Patuakhali district by determining some chemical constituents for their suitability in irrigation and

2.To investigate the ionic toxicity of groundwater and categorize irrigation water on the basis of chemical composition.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at Mirzagonj upazila of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh during the month of March, 2008 following the procedure mentioned by Hunt and Wilson (1986) and APHA (1995). Within the study area 30 groundwater samples were collected from 30 hand tubewells. The depth of wells was within 800 to 1200 feet. The water samples were collected after 30 minutes of pumping to avoid stagnant and contaminated water. Amon two sets,One set was collected in 250 ml plastic bottles previously washed with distilled water and added 20ml 2N HCl (Hydrochloric acid). Another set was collected without HCl (Hydrochloric acid) and was sealed immediately to avoid exposure to air according to Clesceri et al. (1989). The ground water samples were analyzed for pH, EC, sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), phosphate (PO₄³^-), sulphate (SO₄²^- ), carbonate (CO₃²^-) and bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) ions. The pH was determined electrometrically following the procedure mentioned by Ghosh et al. (1983) and electrical conductivity was determined electrometrically according to the method given by Tandon (1995). Calcium, sodium and potassium were estimated by flame emission spectrophotometer by using calcium, sodium and potassium filters, respectively (Ghosh et al. 1983). Magnesium was analyzed by complexometric method of titration using disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate according to Page et al. (1982). Sulphate was determined turbidimetrically (Wolf, 1982). Carbonate and bicarbonate were determined by titration method (Ghosh et al. 1983). Phosphate was determined colorimetrically according to procedure outlined by APHA (1995). Waters under test were classified as per results obtained from chemical analyses. Correlation analysis among different ionic constituents like Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, PO₄³^-, SO₄²^-_,CO₃²^-, HCO₃^- and different quality indicators such as pH, EC, SAR, SSP, RSC etc. were done to establish relationship among them following the standard method of computer software programme (SPSS).

Source of Information: J. Patuakhali Sci. and Tech. Univ. 2013, 4(1): 111-118

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In respect of all evaluating criteria, it can be concluded that the ground waters of the study area are not suitable for long- term irrigation because most of the water samples contained higher amounts of some pollutants like Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and CO₃²^-.

Knowledge Management: Journal