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Variation in the Induction of Haploidy and Polyembryony in Spring Wheat Through Wheat × Maize System

Farhana Sharmeen
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

L. Rahman
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. S. Alam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Shamsuddin
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Five varieties of wheat such as Rawal, Chyria 3, Shatabdi, Sonalika and Kanchan were crossed with a maize variety Popcorn. Fertilization of wheat egg and formation and development of haploid embryos were facilitated by two post pollination treatments which include application of (i) 100 ppm 2,4-D and (ii) 100 ppm 2,4-D + 120 ppm AgNO₃. The haploid embryos were cultured on MS and finally regenerated haploid plants. Significant variations were observed among the wheat varieties for the development of caryopsis, formation of embryos and regeneration of haploid plants. The varieties Chyria 3 and Sonalika proved better for setting of caryopsis, production of embryos and regeneration of haploids. They yielded 8.04 and 5.03 per cent haploid plants over the pollinated florets, respectively. There were no significant variations by the application of 2,4-D and 2,4-D + AgNO₃ for the formation of haploid embryos and regeneration of plants from them. Some caryopsis contained more than one embryos indicating the occurrence of polyembryo in wheat when crossed with maize. The highest number of polyembryo was obtained in the variety Chyria 3 followed by Shatabdi and Sonalika.

Keywords: Spring wheat, Haploids, Polyembryo

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat, Maize

Objectives:

To assessing the efficiency of production of haploids in five varieties of spring wheat which are adapted and cultivated in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Five varieties of spring wheat, namely Rawal, Chyria 3, Shatabdi, Sonalika and Kanchan and one variety of maize, Popcorn were grown in pots in winter of 2002-2003. They were sown in staggered to synchronize the flowering between wheat and maize varieties. Before the booting stage pots were transferred to a greenhouse where the temperature was 25/18⁰C day/night with 16h photo-period. The wheat spikes which just emerged out of the sheath of the flag leaf were selected for crossing. The two lateral large florets of spikelets expected to reach anthesis after two days were emasculated manually and the unemasculated florets were removed. The florets were pollinated with maize pollens collected from freshly dehisced anthers. Pollination was done consecutively two days for better setting of caryopsis. Pollination was accompanied by two post pollination treatments: T₁ (100 ppm 2,4-D) and T₂ (100 ppm 2,4-D + 120 ppm AgNO₃). After pollination 0.5 ml of 2,4-D was injected into the uppermost internode of the pollinated spike and a drop of the same was poured as the open pollinated florets. Aqueous AgNO₃ was sprayed to the florets following pollination and it was continued till harvesting of the spike. The post pollination treatments caused swelling of ovary to caryopsis and retention and development of embryos. Caryopsis at the age of 16 to 18 days were harvested and surface sterilized. The caryopsis were first sterilized with 70% ethanol for two minutes followed by treatment with chlorox (4.7% chlorine) supplemented with a few drops of Tween 20 for 15 to 20 minutes. Vials were kept in the dark room at 25⁰C for three days for germination of embryos. After germination, when the coleoptiles were about 1 - 2 cm long, they were transferred in the culture room at 25⁰C and 16h photoperiod provided by using fluorescent lamps. Data on a number of developed caryopsis, number of embryos, number of germinated embryos and number of regenerated haploid plants were taken in per cent. Many of the caryopsis contained more than one embryos indicating occurrence of polyembryo.

Source of Information: Plant Tissue Cult. 15(1): 7-14, 2005 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The variety Chyria 3 produced 27.61% polyembryos over total embryos and it was the highest among the varieties. In the present study the varieties Chyria 3, Sonalika, Shatabdi and Kanchan showed better performance for formation of polyembryo when they were treated with both 2,4-D and AgNO₃. Among them, the varieties Chyria 3 and Sonalika performed better for formation of embryo and plant regeneration. The varieties Chyria 3 and Sonalika proved better for setting of caryopsis, production of embryos and regeneration of haploids. They yielded 8.04 and 5.03 per cent haploid plants over the pollinated florets, respectively. There were no significant variations by the application of 2,4-D and 2,4-D + AgNO₃ for the formation of haploid embryos and regeneration of plants from them. Some caryopsis contained more than one embryos indicating the occurrence of polyembryo in wheat when crossed with maize. The highest number of polyembryo was obtained in the variety Chyria 3 followed by Shatabdi and Sonalika.

Knowledge Management: Journal