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Escherichia Coli from Horses Reared in and Around Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus- a Study on Isolation and Characterization

K. M. Nahar
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. S. R. Khan
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Alam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. K. Nesa
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted with a view to isolate and characterize Escherichia coli (E. coli) from horses reared in and around Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and to know the clonal relationship of the isolates with E. coli of cattle, goat and chicken. It also focused on the determination of antimicrobial sensitivity and resistant pattern of the isolated horse E. coli. A total of 10 faecal samples, comprising 4 from diarrhoeic horses and 6 from apparently healthy horses were collected. The overall prevalence of E. coli was recorded as 60%. All isolates fermented dextrose, maltose, sucrose, lactose and mannitol with the production of both acid and gas. The isolates were positive to MR and Indole tests, but negative to VP test. DNA fingerprinting analysis using PFGE of Xbaldigested genomic DNA revealed that the strains of E. coli from different areas seem to be same clonal lineage, although no genetic clue could be found related to cattle, goat and chicken E. coli strains. The antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance pattern showed that the isolates of horse E. coli were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol but to the amoxicillin and cephalexin, the isolates were highly resistant.

Keywords: E. coli, Horse, Isolation, Characterization

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka

Start Date: 00-05-2009

End Date: 00-05-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Non-commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

(i) To isolate and identify E. coli from horse

(ii) To characterize the isolated E. coli using cultural, biochemical, and molecular techniques

(iii) To study the antibacterial sensitivity of the isolated E. coli.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka during the period of May 2009 to May 2010. Diarrhoeic horses and apparently healthy horses were selected for the experimental study. A total number of 10 field samples comprising rectal swabs were aseptically collected into nutrient broth (NB) from BAU campus, i.e., BAU Sheep & Goat Farm (BAUSGF) and BAU Veterinary Clinic (BAUVC) and around the campus, i.e., Boyra Union Parishad (BUP). Then the samples were carried to the laboratory for the characterization of E. coli. Out of 10 samples 4 were collected from diarrhoeic horses and 6 were from apparently healthy horses. Nutrient broth (NB) was used to grow the E. coil organisms from the collected samples before performing hanging drop slide test and biochemical test. Nutrient agar (NA) Blood agar (BA) media were used to grow the E. coli organisms from the collected samples. Eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA) medium was used as a selective medium for the identification of E. coli organisms and antibiotic sensitivity study. McConkey agar (MCA) medium was used for enhancing the growth of the organisms under the family Enterobacteriaceae and characteristic colonies were produced which helps in differentiating lactose fermenting organisms from lactose non fermenting organisms. Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA) and Brilliant green agar (BGA) were also used for the differential growth of the organisms. The organisms on EMBA produced greenish colonies with metallic sheen. Then the isolated E. coli on EMBA were placed in icebox and transported to the Enteric Microbiology Laboratory of ICDDR,B for molecular characterization by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE involves embedding organism in agarose, lysing the organism in situ and digesting the chromosomal DNA with restriction endonucleases that cleave infrequently. The DNA restriction patterns of the isolates are compared with one another to determine their relatedness.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 27 – 35, 2011 ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The development and use of antibiotics has been one of the most important steps towards controlling of infectious bacterial diseases in the 21^st century. However, the subsequent appearance and spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic organisms have made many currently available antibiotics ineffective. To successfully fight the increasing numbers of drug resistant and multi drug-resistant bacteria, extensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of acquiring antibiotic resistance and updated information regarding current distribution of resistance pattern is required. Prudent use of antibacterial drugs using the appropriate drug at the appropriate dosage and for the appropriate duration is one important means of reducing the selective pressure that helps resistant organisms emerge. The other vital aspect of controlling the spread of multi-drug resistant organisms is providing sufficient hygienic measures and proper care of animal for infection control in Bangladesh. Use of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol might be of first choice of treatment against E. coli infection in horses. Sufficient efforts in using antimicrobial agents wisely and strict attention to infection may prevent the emergence of resistant organisms in a great extent.

Knowledge Management: Journal