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Quality Assessment of Well and Pond Water for Irrigation in Different Remote Aquifers of Khagrachari in Bangladesh

M.J. Islam
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Shah Md. Helal Uddin
Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh.

Saiful Huda
Department of Agricultural Extension, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

M.S. Rahman
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

M. F. Hossain
Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Mst. Nahida Laiju
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted to evaluate the pond and well water quality at Matiranga Upazilla under very remote areas of Khagrachari Hill District of Bangladesh. The chemical analysis of water included pH, EC, total cations (Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Cu⁺⁺, Mn⁺⁺,Fe⁺⁺⁺, As⁺⁺⁺, P⁺⁵ and B⁺³), total anions (CO₃^--, HCO₃^-, SO₄^--, NO₃^-, CI^-), TDS, SAR, SSP, RSC and hardness (H_T). pH values (6.01-7.17) indicated that the waters were slightly acidic to neutral. Waters contained Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, HCO₃^- and CI^- predominantly along with Zn⁺⁺, P⁺⁵ and B⁺³ in lesser amounts. Mn⁺⁺, Cu⁺⁺ and Fe⁺⁺⁺ were found trace to very little amount. As⁺³ and SO₄^-- were found trace. TDS and SAR values indicated that all water were under 'freshwater' and 'excellent' class respectively. SSP of most waters were under 'good' 'permissible' and 'doubtful' class. SAR and EC categorized the waters as C1-S1. All waters were found under 'soft' class regarding hardness with 'suitable' RSC. Based on As⁺³, Fe⁺³, Mn⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, SO₄^--, NO₃^-- and CI^- all waters were within the 'safe' limit for drinking.

Keywords: Quality, Pond and well water, Irrigation, Khagrachari, Bangladesh

Location: Matiranga Upazilla

Start Date: 00-03-2001

End Date: 00-03-2001

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To evaluate the pond and well water quality at Matiranga Upazilla under very remote areas of Khagrachari Hill District of Bangladesh

Methodology:

The study was conducted at some parts of Matiranga Upazilla during the month of March, 2001. Within the study area, 23 sites were selected for collecting representative water samples. In order to assess their suitability for irrigation and drinking uses, the important inorganic constituents of groundwater were pH, electrical conductance (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Na^+, K⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Cu⁺⁺, Mn⁺⁺, Fe⁺⁺⁺, As⁺³, P⁺⁵, B⁺³, CO₃^--, HCO₃^-, SO₄, NO₃^- and CI^-. Water samples were collected following the techniques as outlined. The pH and electrical conductance was determined electrometrically. Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ were analyzed by complexometric titration whereas K+ and Na' were estimated by flame emission spectrophotometer. Sulfate was determined turbidimetrically while CO₃^-- and HCO₃^- were analyzed titrimetrically. Chloride was estimated by argentometric titration and P⁺⁵, B⁺³ and NO₃^- were determined calorimetrically. Arsenic was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with hydride generator situated at Soil Resources Development Institute laboratory in Bangladesh. Fe⁺⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Cu⁺⁺ and Mn⁺⁺ were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the laboratory of Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Bangladesh. Waters under test were classified using few standard equations as per the results obtained from the data generated out of chemical analysis.

Source of Information: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6 (20): 1720-1724, 2003 ISSN 1028-8880

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 65000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

EC ranged from 30 to 220 µS cm^-1 and waters were under 'low' (100-250 µS cm^-1) salinity class according to Richards. The amount of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the study area was reported to vary from 20 to 140 mg L^-1. Waters containing TDS less than 1000 mg L^-1 could be considered to be of 'good' quality for irrigation uses and would not affect the osmotic pressure of the soil solution. Toxic element As⁺³ was found trace. Although As⁺³ is not an essential nutrient element for plant growth and development but high concentration of As⁺³ in water or soil may lead to plant to uptake excess amount of As⁺³which is not desirable.

The ionic concentrations of Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺ were found to vary from 0.10-8.40,0.17 -7.00, 2.00- 16.50 and 3.50-19.00 mg L^-1 with the respective average values of 1.55, 1.92, 7.75 and 8.62 mg L^-1. According to Todd (1980) irrigation water generally contains less than 100 mg L^-1 Ca⁺⁺ and 50 mg L^-1 Mg⁺⁺ and higher amounts may not suitable for irrigation. The recorded Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations were far below the recommended limits for irrigation after Ayers and Westcot (1985). The status of Fe⁺⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Mn⁺⁺ and Cu⁺⁺ of all waters were in between trace to 2.00, 0.02 to 0.34, trace to 0.05 and trace to 0.05 mg L^-1, respectively and all the values were far below the maximum recommended limits for irrigation and could be safely used without harmful effects on soil and crops.

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