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Efficacy of Edible Oils in the Control of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis L. in Stored Pigeonpea

M. Khalequzzaman
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Shah Hussain Ahmad Mahdi
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

S. H. M. Osman Goni
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seven vegetable oils viz., sunflower (Heliunthus annus, L.), mustard (Brassica juncea Cross ), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea, L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), soybean [Glycine max L. (Merril)], olive (Olea europea) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis W. J. Jacquin), each were applied at the rates of 5, 7.5, and 10 ml.kg-1 of grain (0.5, 0.75 and 1% v/w concentrations) as grain protectants of pigeonpea against the pulse beetles (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). Effects on progeny emergence, loss in grain weight, and germination up to 66 days after treatment were measured. Adult emergence was completely prevented and the minimum grain loss was achieved by groundnut oil at 1% up to 66 days after treatment. Since treatments with groundnut and palm oils at 5 ml.kg-1 showed high acceptability by consumers, it can be recommended for C. chinensis control in stored pigeonpea for approximately two months.

Keywords: Vegetable oils, Callosobruchus, Pigeonpea, progeny

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

The effectiveness of these and other vegetable oils were estimated against C. chinensis infesting pigeonpea seeds in respect of emergence of progeny adults, loss of grain weight, and seed germination

Methodology:

Mass culture of C. chinensis was maintained using the procedure described by Strong et al. (1968). Edible oils of sunflower (Heliunthus annus, L. ), mustard (Brassica juncea Coss ), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea, L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), soybean [Glycine max L. (Merril)], olive (Olea europea) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis W. J. Jacquin) were applied at 5, 7.5, and 10 ml.kg^-1 of pigeonpea seed (0.5, 0.75, and 1% v/w concentrations). Samples of 600 g of healthy pigeonpea seeds were treated with known amounts of the oils. The requisite quantities of each oil were dissolved in 24 ml of petroleum ether and the treated sample was shaken slowly for 15 min on a mechanical shaker in a ground glass-stoppered conical flask. A stock of the pigeonpea seed treated with the oils was stored in perforated polythene bags. Samples each of 10 g were drawn at intervals of 33 and 66 days and kept in small glass vials (7.5 × 2.5 cm). Three replications were used. Three pairs of 0-l day-old adults of C. chinensis were introduced into each vial, covered with muslin cloth and secured firmly with rubber bands. Dead beetles were removed 12 days after release when almost all parental beetles were found dead in all treatments. Emergence of adult progeny was recorded daily for a period of 20 days and the adults removed every 2-3 days to avoid the next generation. The percentage loss in grain weight was recorded at 33 and 66 days after release of beetles, i.e. after completion of emergence of the adult progeny. Seed germination was tested after 66 days treatment. The experiments were conducted at room temperatures ranging from 27° to 35° C with 50-80% relative humidity.

Source of Information: Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 89-92 ISSN 1023-6104

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Achievement/Findings:

The mode of action of oils is partially attributed to interference in normal respiration, resulting in suffocation. However, factors other than oxygen starvation probably also play a role in their mode of action. Egg mortality has been attributed to toxic components and also to physical properties, which cause changes in surface tension and oxygen tension within the egg. It is also thought that oils exert some lethal action on developing embryos or first instar larvae, for example, by the reduction in rate ofgaseous exchange due to a “barrier” effect and/or direct toxicity by penetrated oil fractions. Since treatments with groundnut and palm oils at ml.kg-1 preserved desirable characteristics, the dose can be recommended for suppressing C. chinensis in stored pigeonpea for approximately two months.

Knowledge Management: Journal