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Characteristics of Textile Effluent and Raw Water of the Shitalakhya River, Their Impact and Mitigation Measures

Kazi Muhammad Humayun Kabir
PhD Fellow
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The highest average pH at factory outlet canal was 11.73 at Demra and highest average pH of river water was 10.17 at Rupgang. The highest average DO (Dissolved Oxygen) of river water was 4.46 mg/L at Meghna control point and at factory outlet canal the maximum average DO was 3.17 mg/L at Rupganj. The maximum average COD 5653.33 mg/L was at Godnail and maximum COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) 822.83 mg/L was in river water at Sonargaon. The maximum average Fe was 0.52mg/L at Rupganj and maximum average concentration of Fe in river water was 6.86mg/L at Narayanganj Pourashava. The maximum average of Cr was 18.26mg/L at Rupganj and the highest presence of Cr in river water was 0.23mg/l at Rupganj. The maximum average of Cu was 36.8mg/L and maximum average concentration of Cu in river water at Godnail is 9.2mg/L. The highest average Mn has been reported to be 16mg/L at Demra and the highest concentration of Mn was 5.0mg/L at Demra river water sampling point. The highest average sulfide concentration at the sampling point of factory outlet canal was 1272.83 mg/cm at Narayanganj Pourashava and the average highest river water concentration was reported to be 171.88 mg/cm at Godnail.

Keywords: Impact, Mitigation, Raw water,Textile effluent

Location:

Start Date: 01-01-2006

End Date: 31-12-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

The present investigation on the physico–chemical variables, viz., temperature, pH, DO, COD, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, sulfide from effluent of factory outlet canal and river water of Sitalakhya were analyzed to reveal the present water quality of Shitalakhya river including the characterization of textile effluent and the potential impacts to the river were explored.

Methodology:

A relatively small-scale base/site map was developed depicting the project area, sampling locations, and major water bodies, land, and road characteristics for convenient and effective sampling. For sampling activities a shallow engine fitted country boat, field notebook, distilled water for rinsing equipment, long survey stakes, hammer, water sampling rod and cup (12-foot extendable), marking pen, safety shoes, safety glass, hard hat, digital camera, and laptop computer were used.Multi parameter meter, Sens ION portable pH meter (HACH Model), temperature measuring thermometer. Digital Reactor Block, 90 to 240V, 50/60Hz. designed for Photometric method Digestion & reactions. Capacity: 15 vial (16mm dia), the HACH methods that utilizes this reactor include: COD, total chromium, sample digestion for use with metal preparation set for Cr, Cu, Fe. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for heavy metals analysis (HACH Manual, 2000, 2002a, 2002b). COD Digestion Vial, 25/Pk. Cat # 24159-25 (range: 0-15000mg/L) were used for analysis of the collected samples.The textile clusters in five locations (i) Narayanganj Pourashava, (ii) Godnail, (iii) Sonargaon, (iv) Demra (v) Rupganj and two control point at the Shitalakhya river and one at the Meghna river sampling point around the bank of the Shitalakhya river during 2006-2007 calendar year, under the district of Narayanganj in Bangladesh.The samples were taken at 30/01/2006, 10/03/2006, 10/04/2006, 20/04/2006, 29/04/2006, 23/05/2006, 09/06/2006, 30/06/2006, 06/09/2006, 07/11/2006, 15/12/2006, and 30/01/2007, respectively through using different appropriate sampling protocols.Analytical data were properly grouped and transferred in SPSS and Excel spread sheet for statistical analysis and subsequent graphical representation was also done. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, univariate general linear model with Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) were also accomplished.

Source of Information: J. Patuakhali Sci. and Tech. Univ. 2013, 4(2):149-159

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

One set of particular manufacturing unit may not be identified as key responsible for releasing of their effluent but changing of mind set along with adoption of Industrial Pollution Protocol System (IPPS) method developed by the World Bank may be followed in this regard for management of textile industrial effluent. Due to lack of resources, modern technology, and awareness, not much is being done to trap the harmful pollutants and reuse/recycle those chemicals. Enforcement of strict environmental monitoring and reporting according to Environmental Conservation Rules 1997 including heavy penalty in case of any non compliance has no alternate. Though this River has been declared Ecologically Critical Area but still the improvement of river water is not conspicuous.In this regard restoration of the river water is of great importance within structured reclamation program in this area; further detail study may be recommended, which may be adopted and improved in line with future demand through academic study.

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