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Effect of Different Irrigation Levels on Growth and Yield of Sugarcane

S. M. I. Hossain
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh.

S. U. K. Eusufzai
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh.

M. A. Rahman
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm at Ishurdi during 2003-04 and 2004-05 cropping seasons to find out the effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield parameters of six sugarcane varieties (Isd 16, Isd 30, Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33, Isd 34). The experiment was laid out in two factors split-plot design with five irrigation levels in main plots and six varieties in subplots. Irrigations at 21, 28, 35 or 42 days interval in addition to two live irrigations (i.e. irrigation for crop establishment) increased sugarcane yield from 15 to 46%. Irrigation at 21 days interval showed higher establishment, tiller, millable cane and yield of cane over irrigation at 28, 35 or 42 days interval. Varieties Isd 34, Isd 31, Isd 32 and Isd 33 showed better performance and produced significantly higher yield among the selected varieties. Hence sugarcane varieties Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34 may be cultivated with potential yield in clay loam soil by 4 to 5 irrigations at an interval of 21 to 42 days in addition to two live irrigations at 0 and 14 days after transplanting when soil bed settlings are used as planting material.

Keywords: Sugarcane, Irrigation, Variety, Performance.

Location: BSRI farm, Ishurdi

Start Date: 01-11-2003

End Date: 31-12-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sugarcane

Objectives:

To find out the effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield of sugarcane.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm at Ishurdi with six sugarcane varieties viz. Isd 16, Isd 30, Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34. Settlings were raised from budchips of these varieties in soil bed. At the age of 60 to 69 days the settlings were transplanted in the main field. The experiment was laid out in split- plot design with 5 irrigation levels in the main plots and 6 sugarcane varieties in the sub- plot and was replicated thrice. The budchip settlings were transplanted at the rate of 25000 settlings per hectare. The soil of the experimental field was loamy to clay loam with pH value ranged from 7.57 to 7.70. The physiochemical properties of different layers of the main field are given. Chemical fertilizers were applied as per BARC recommendation and intercultural operations were done as per BSRI recommendation. Number of tillers produced by different varieties in different irrigation treatments were counted during May 2004 after 6 months of transplantation. Numbers of millable canes were counted just one week before harvesting at the age of 13 months. Chemical analysis of canes were done during premature stage in the month of October and mature stage in the month of December to find the pol percentage of the cane (pol % cane). Pol % cane determined at matured stage has been included in this paper for discussion. Number of irrigation and the day of application for different treatments during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively. Only two irrigations at 0 and 14 days after plantation (DAP) were applied in treatment 11, During 2003-04, irrigation treatment 1₁, 1₂, 1₃, 1₄and 1₅received 2, 7, 5, 5 and 4 numbers of irrigations, respectively. However, during 2004-05, these treatments received 2, 7, 6, 5, and 5 numbers of irrigations, respectively. During 2004-05, treatments 13 and 15 received one additional irrigation over that they received during 2003-04. It was due to late initiation of rainfall during 2004-05. The higher number of irrigations applied to 12 during both 2003-04 and 2004-05 was 7. During the first two irrigations, each received a depth of 6 cm water. However, the latter irrigations received 10 cm each.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF SUGARCANE, Vol. 30, pp. 51-61, July 2008, ISSN- 1991-8925.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of the above mentioned results and discussion it is apparent that there was no statistical evidence of interaction effect between irrigation and variety. But both irrigation and variety showed their individual effect on establishment of settlings, tiller and millable cane production, and cane yield. However, irrigation did not have any effect on pol percentage of cane. The evidence obtained from the experiment lead to the following specific conclusions: Irrigation at an interval of 21 days in addition to two live irrigations at 0 and 14 days after transplantation (DAP) of bud chip settlings can produce the highest yield over only two irrigations at 0 and 14 DAP. With the increase in irrigation frequency (i.e. the shorter interval) the yield of sugarcane is increased in the domain of 21 to 40 days intervals in addition to irrigation at 0 and 14 DAP. In view of maximizing cane yield, the selection of varieties for cultivation may be as: Isd 34 > Isd 31 > Isd 32 > Isd 33 > Isd 16 > Isd 30. But, from the view point of maximizing total sugar content, the varieties may be selected as: Isd 33> Isd 34 > Isd 31 > Isd 32 > Isd 16> Isd 30. Therefore, for cultivation of sugarcane by raising settlings from budchip in soil bed, the variety Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34 may potentially be practiced with 4 to 5 irrigations at an interval of 21 to 42 days in addition to two live irrigations at 0 and 14 days after transplantation (DAP).

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