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Performance and Variability for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Spring Wheat

Mr.Md. F. Ferdous
MS Fellow
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted with twenty bread wheat genotypes at the experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during the period from November 2008 to March 2009 to assess performance of the genotypes, variability, heritability and genetic advance among yield and important yield contributing characters. Considering yield per plant the genotype Peacock was the best followed by BAW-1008, Pavon-76, Mayoor, Bulbul and BAW-1004. BAW-1008 was the early maturing genotype followed by Mayoor, BAW-861, BAW-1004 and Balaka. BAW-970, Akbar, BAW-1004, Pavon-76, BAW-861 and BAW-1006 were semi dwarf in plant height as such they were of desired type. TP-1 and Mayoor were superior for effective tillers per plant. BAW-1004 was the best genotype for spike length and grains per spike. For 100-grain weight Bulbul, for harvest index BAW-1006 was the best. Days to 90% maturity, plant height, grains per spike, 100-grain weight and harvest index exhibited high heritability. Among them grains per spike, 100-grain weight and harvest index showed high genetic advance in percentage of mean.

Keywords: Spring wheat, Variability, Heritability, Yield contributing characters

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To evaluate a collection of spring wheat germplasms and assess variation among them for yield and yield contributing traits
To study heritability and genetic advance for the traits.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from November 2008 to March 2009. The study included 20 genotypes of bread wheat collected from wheat germplasm collection of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plot size was 2.5m × 1.5m with plant spacing 25 cm between rows. The seeds were sown in rows in north-south direction. Seeds were sown in rows on the 24^th November, 2008. Different genotypes matured at different times. So harvesting was done from 08-23 march, 2009. The following data were taken from 10 randomly selected plants from each plot: days to 90% maturity, plant height, effective tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, 100 grain weight, biological yield, harvest Index and grain yield per plant. The data were analyzed for variances and mean performance of the genotypes were tested by DMRT. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were estimated. Heritability in broad sense was estimated using the formula of Johnson et al. (1955) and Hanson et al. (1956). Expected genetic advance under selection was estimated using the formula suggested by Johnson et al. (1955). Genetic advance in percent of mean was calculated.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 195–197, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 240000

Total Budget (Tk.) : 240000

Achievement/Findings:

The mean performance of 20 bread wheat genotypes for grain yield and different yield contributing characters were significantly varied among the genotype for all the characters. Among the genotypes BAW-1008 matured earlier followed by Mayoor, BAW-861, Akbar, BAW-1004 and Balaka. Mayoor and TP-1 produced the highest number of effective tillers per plant. For spike length, the longest spike was found in the BAW-1004 followed by BAW-861, SA-3 and SA-92. BAW-1004 produced higher number of grains per spike followed by Peacock, BAW-1008 and pavon-76. Bulbul had higher grain weight that followed by the genotypes BAW-1006, Akbar, BAW-970, BAW-1008. The genotypes BAW-1006, BAW-1008, Bulbul and BAW-949 exhibited higher harvest index compared to other genotypes. The genotype Peacock was the best for grain yield. BAW-1008, Pavon-76, Mayoor, Bulbul and BAW-1004 were also high yielding genotypes on the basis of grain yield per plant. Considering most of the yield contributing traits Peacock, BAW-1008, Mayoor, BAW-1004, BAW-861, Pavon-76 and Bulbul were found promising with good yield potentials. The characters grain yield per plant, grains per spike, 100-grain weight, harvest index and effective tillers per plant showed the high phenotypic coefficient of variation. These characters also exhibited considerable amount of genotypic coefficient of variation .The characters days to 90% maturity, plant height and spike length exhibited low phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation.The characters days to 90% maturity, plant height, grains per spike, 100-grain weight and harvest index were highly heritable. On the other hand, effective tillers per plant, length of spike and grain yield per plant were moderately heritable. The analysis of genetic advance in percentage over mean showed that the characters grains per spike, 100-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield per plant had more than 20% expected genetic advance. Grains per spike, 100-grain weight and harvest index recorded high heritability coupled with high genetic advance suggesting that these characters were predominantly controlled by additive genes. Therefore, direct selection for grains per spike, 100-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield per plant would give good response in selection in the present materials.

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