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Influence of Sowing Date Induced Temperature and Management Practices on Development Events and Yield of Mustard

M.S.A. Khan
SSO
Agronomy Division, BARI, Gazipur

M.A. Aziz
CSO
Agronomy Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the research field of the Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during robi season of 2013-2014 to find out the relation between different development events of mustard crop and the environmental change through sowing dates variable and to minimize the yield reduction by management practices. Developmental events were badly affected on 10 December sowing and on ward. Crop accumulated lower GDD in late sowing for different events. The minimum accumulated GDD of 40.65, 86.05, 161.45, 238.52, 256.85 and 630.28 °C were observed for the events of emergence, first leaf, four leaves, first flowering, 50% flowering and maturity at 19 December sowing, respectively. Late sowing took minimum time from flowering to maturity (38 days) due to increased minimum temperature. The highest seed yield was recorded at 21 November sowing with high management practices (1556 kg ha^-1). The lowest seed yield was obtained from 19 December sowing with low management practices (29.63 kg ha^-1). Yield reduction was reduced to some extent in high management practices. At high management practices crop yielded 567 kg ha^-1at 19 December sowing.

Keywords: Temperature, Management practices, Mustard

Location: Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur,

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To look into the impacts of climate change and management practices on development events and yield of mustard

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the research field of the Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during robi season of 2013-2014. The soil was silty clay in texture with pH of 6.5. The experiment was laid out in a Split-plot design with three replications. The experiment was evaluated impacts of environmental change of mustard by sowing different dates with management practices. The sowing dates were: i. 21 November, ii. 30 November, iii. 10 December and iv. 19 December. The management practices were: i. Low: 60-15-30-10 kg NPKS/ha, no irrigation, no weeding, no pesticide. ii. Medium: 80-25-60-20 kg NPKS/ha, one weeding at 21 DAE, two irrigations at rosset and flowering stages, spraying pesticides. iii. High: 120-35-90-30 kg NPKS/ha, one weeding at 21 DAE, two irrigations at rosset and flowering stages, spraying pesticides. The sowing dates were assigned in the main plots and management practices were arranged in sub-plots. BARI Sarisha-15 was used as a test crop. Seeds were sown in lines with maintaining 30 cm row to row spacing. Half of urea and full doses of other fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining half of urea was top dressed at vegetative and flowering stage followed by irrigation. In case of low management, all fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation. Insecticide and fungicide were sprayed in the respective treatment plots. Admire 200SL @ 1 ml/liter of water was sprayed at 20 and 35 DAE to control Jassids and white flies. Rovral-50 WP @ 2 g/liter of water was sprayed at 30 and 45 DAE to control Alternaria diseases. Daily temperatures were recorded for computing required growing degree days for different stages. Growing degree days (GDD) were computed by using daily normal maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, mean air temperature and considering base temperature of 10º C for mustard (assume). The sum of degree days for the completion of different development stage of mustard were obtained by using the following formula (Kumar et al., 2008); Accumulated GDD (º C day) = Summation (Daily mean air temperature in º C-Base temperature of mustard). At flowering stage, five plants were collected from all treatments and different plant parts of the collected samples were separated and then oven dried at 70 ºC for 4 days to measure the dry weight. At harvest, yield contributing characters were recorded from selected five plants and yield data were recorded by harvesting one square meter area. Data were analyzed by MSTAT-C and means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD).

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2013-2014, Agronomy Division, BARI, Gazipur.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 20,000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : 20,000/-

Achievement/Findings:

From the above findings, it may be concluded that mustard crop is vulnerable to environmental change especially of temperature variability. Developmental events were badly affected on 10 December sowing and on ward. Crop accumulated lower GDD in late sowing for different events and showed minimum time from flowering to maturity due to increased minimum temperature that ultimately reduced grain yield. Yield reduction may be reduced to some extent through adopting high management practices.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings