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Pedochemical Study of Some Seasonally Flooded Soils of Bangladesh and Their Management Implications

A.B. M. S. Islam
Assistant Professor
Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602.Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The matrix colour of the soils is a combination of grey, greyish olive and dark grey. Morphological properties indicate that there is formation of gleyed/pseudogleyed horizons in the soil profiles. Extensive development of mottles, ploughpans and flood coatings or gleyans is the most notable morphogenetic features in these soils. Physically, these soils are fine textured where textural class ranged between silty clay to clay. Chemically, the soils are slightly acidic to neutral in reaction. The ΔpH values are all negative and ranges from - 0.80 to - 1.70. The organic matter content in the surface soil is relatively low that decreases steadily with depth. The total nitrogen content of the soils ranged from 0.04 to 0.17 percent with an average of 0.1 percent. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils ranged from 14.41 to 24.77 Cmol/kg soil with an average of 20.88 Cmol/kg soil and base saturation percent (BSP) varied from 66 to 98. The soils receive several mineral nutrients annually with the sediments deposited during the monsoon floods. The characteristics like organic matter, particle size distribution, CEC, pH and BSP that have important management implications have been discussed.

Keywords: Pedochemical, Seasonally flooded soils, Management implication

Location: Chalan beel area of Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To highlight the pedochemical characteristics of several representative seasonally flooded soils developed in the northern part of Bangladesh. For determining their abilities to maintain sustainable productivity for its fast growing population.

Methodology:

The study area covers major portion of the Chalan beel area of Bangladesh. Four soil profiles representing four established soil series, viz., Beola, Bhutlia, Deopara and Mallika were opened up and studied in the field for their morphogenetic properties.Soil pedons were described following the FAO guidelines. Morphological characteristics were described. A total of 21 soil samples were collected on horizon basis for laboratory analyses. Particle size analysis of soil was carried out by combination of sieving and hydrometer methods. Soil pH was determined at a soil : water and soil : KCl ratio of 1 : 2.5. Organic carbon in soil was determined by Walkley and Black wet oxidation method (Jackson 1967), total nitrogen by Kjeldahl’s method, cation exchange capacity (CEC) by 1N NH₄OAc method, and exchangeable cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺) were determined from 1N NH₄OAc (pH 7) extract. Exchangeable Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and Na⁺ and K⁺ by flame photometer.

Source of Information: J. Patuakhali Sci. and Tech. Univ. 2014, 5(1):123-134

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The quantity of nitrogenous fertilizer added in excess to the soil system is lost due to volatilization, leaching, run-off and/or consumed due to growth of weeds while the excess quantities of phosphates and potash either get fixed in the soil system or remain as residues. Proper and scientific management of soil health and their sustained productivity can be maintained through balancing the incoming nutrients due to fertilizer addition, biological fixation, weathering of biotite and feldspar minerals, precipitation of thunder storms and decomposition of organic residues and the outgoing with the volatilization, etc. The soil properties though have roles in the management of soil but that only contribute if and when all the above factors are duly taken in to consideration.

Knowledge Management: Journal