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Biochar Amendment for High Nitrogen and Phosphorous Bioavailability and Its Potentiality of Use in Bangladesh Agriculture: a Review

S. Mia
Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Sceince and Technology University, Dumki , Patuakhali.

M. Abuyusuf
Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Sceince and Technology University, Dumki , Patuakhali.

M. A. Sattar
Department of Resource Management , Patuakhali Sceince and Technology University, Dumki , Patuakhali..

A. B. M. S. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Sceince and Technology University , Dumki , Patuakhali.

Tjisse Hiemstra
Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands

Simon Jeffery
Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Biochar application to soil is increasingly attracting scientists' attention for its multifaceted benefits from carbon sequestration to soil fertility improvement. However, the mechanistic understanding of high soil fertility and consequently high yield is still to be elucidated. The present study was aimed at reviewing the present state of knowledge regarding biochar effects on N and P availability with especial attention to potentiality , feasibility and justification of biochar addition to our soil. Biochar addition increases the mineral N retention due to NH₄+ capture at cation exchange sites, N0₃- adsorption in the base functional group at high pH or due to physical N0₃_- sorption . Microbial immobilization is also responsible for N retention and recycling. Phosphorous availability also increases after biochar amendment as it increases soil pH and releases high charged small molecule humic acids. Biochar addition to our soil would be a potential option for increasing soil organic matter content, fertilizer use efficiency if it could be produced from huge amount of agro-industrial, municipal and house hold waste.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Bioabiliblity , Biochar , Nitrogen , Phosphourous

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

The present study was aimed at reviewing the present state of knowledge regarding biochar effects on N and P availability with especial attention to potentiality , feasibility and justification of biochar addition to our soil

Methodology:

The relevant literatures have been collected by searching Google scholar, Scopus and avai lable web based information and purposefully analyzed and interpreted. Soil organic matter status has been calculated using data presented i n the fertilizer recommendation guide 2005. Biochar production and its properties The physical and chemical properties of biochar depend on charring temperature, heating rate, charring time, feedstock and its' particle size (Sun et al., 2012). For example, in one study by Mi a (2012) produced biochar at a range of temperature (300 to 500°C) for different duration from 15 min utes to 7 hours with three different feedstock i . e. wheat straw, beech wood and pine wood. They determined the aromaticity by measuring absorptivity of hu m i c acids extracted wi th (25%) HN0₃for 90 minutes. As it is shown , the aromacticity increased with both temperature and residence time. However, the effect of temperature and duration level out at or above 350°C for 3 hours and at or above 1:30 hours at 400°C. Similar results has also been found by Czimczik et al. (2002) who claimed that with the increase of temperature, aromatic property of char increases and char becomes more similar although biochar has been produced from different feedstock. In a sim ilar study, however, Wu et al . (2012) have shown that aromaticity increases with the increase of temperature until 500°C. Furthermore, biochar usual l y has h igh surface area (Inyang et al., 2010) and it increases with charring temperature (Kloss et al ., 2012). Biochar has high cation exchange capacity (CEC), which shows an increasing trend with charring temperature (Kloss et al., 2012). The chemical composition of biochar, particularly, the nutrient content varies with feedstock and charring temperature (Uch i miya et al. , 2012) and increases with the increases of tem perature as the nutrients concentrates due to decreased yield of biochar. However, at very high tem perature, few nutrients are lost during charring.

Source of Information: J. Patuakhali Sci. and Tech. Univ. 2014, 5 (1): 145-156 ISSN 1996-4501

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Biochar addition increases the mineral N retention due to NH₄+ capture at cation exchange sites, N0₃- adsorption in the base functional group at high pH or due to physical N0₃_- sorption . Microbial immobilization is also responsible for N retention and recycling. Phosphorous availability also increases after biochar amendment as it increases soil pH and releases high charged small molecule humic acids. Biochar addition to our soil would be a potential option for increasing soil organic matter content, fertilizer use efficiency if it could be produced from huge amount of agro-industrial, municipal and house hold waste.

Knowledge Management: Journal